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Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
1.
Explain Mendel’s role in the history of genetics.
2. Define:
a. Character
b. Trait
3. Provide three possible reasons that Mendel chose garden peas for his experimental organism.
4. How did Mendel achieve
a. self-pollination?
b. cross-pollination?
5. What are true-breeding plants? What did Mendel call this generation?
6. What is hybridization? What did Mendel call this generation?
7. What is the F2 generation?
8. What were Mendel’s outcomes for the following crosses?
a. Cross-pollinating true breeding purple flowered plants and true breeding white flowered plants?
b. Self pollinating F1 purple flowered plants? What is the ratio of this outcome?
9. What is meant by a dominant trait? How is a dominant trait symbolized?
10. What is meant by a recessive trait? How is a recessive trait symbolized?
11. Explain the four related concepts that make up the model that explains the 3:1 inheritance pattern that Mendel
consistently observed among his F2 offspring.
a.
b.
c.
d.
11. What is an allele?
12. Define the following:
a. Punnett square
d. Phenotype
b. Homozygous
e.
c.
Heterozygous
Genotype
13. Explain a test cross and why it is done.
14. Compare and contrast a monohybrid cross with a dihybrid cross.
15. What is the law of independent assortment?
16. If alleles do not sort independently of each other, what do we know about the location of the genes?
17. What is meant by a spectrum of dominance?
18. Complete the following table:
Inheritance Pattern
Complete dominance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic Inheritance
Epistasis
Define inheritance pattern.
Give example of inheritance.
19. Explain the relationship of dominance, recessiveness, and phenotype by using Mendel’s round and wrinkled seeds
as an example.
20. Explain how Tay-sachs disease can be classified as recessive at the organismal level, incompletely dominant at the
biochemical level, and codominant at the molecular level.
21. Is the dominant allele necessarily the most predominant in a population? Explain.
22. What is pleiotropy?
23. How does environment affect phenotypic outcome? Give examples of traits that can be greatly affected by
environmental influences.
24. What is a pedigree?
25. What is meant by a recessively inherited disorder? What is a carrier?
26. Name and describe three recessively inherited disorders.
27. What is meant by a dominantly inherited disorder?
28. Name and describe two dominantly inherited disorders.
29. What is a multifactorial disorder? Provide three examples.
30. Name and describe four ways that a genetic disorder can be detected and potentially prevented in offspring.
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
1.
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
2. Explain how independent assortment of alleles differs from segregation of alleles.
3. What are linked genes?
4. What are recombinants and what accounts for them in unlinked genes?
5. What accounts for recombinants in linked genes?
6. What determines recombination frequency?
7. Explain who determines the sex of an offspring in humans.
8. Explain the inheritance pattern when sex-linked genes are involved in inheritance.
9. Why are the terms homozygous and heterozygous meaningless in males when sex-linkage is involved.
10. Name and discuss three sex-linked disorders.
11. What is a barr body? What does it mean that “females consist of a mosaic of two types of cell”?
12. What is genomic imprinting?
13. What are extranuclear genes? How are these genes inherited? Provide a human example of this inheritance and a
disease that may result.
Book Questions (answer on a separate sheet of paper. Be sure to show your work! Answers can be found in the appendix
of your textbook)
Chapter 14: pp 272-273, #1-6, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17
Chapter 15: pp 291-292, #1, 3-4, 7-13