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Water, Weather and Climate Curriculum outcome 311-9 Describe the interaction of the ocean currents, winds, and regional climates What has a large effect on world climates? Ocean currents have a large effect on world climates How might a lake or ocean affect the weather of an area during the summer and winter? In the summer, a lake or ocean might affect the weather by cooling it and increasing precipitation. In the winter, the water body tends to warm the area and increase precipitation. Cities A and B lie at about the same latitude and both are close to water. Which city do you think has the larger body of water next to it? Why? City A is Toronto City B is Halifax Why does a large body of water affect the weather and climate of an area? A large body of water helps to moderate temperature, making the land warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. An area can experience an increase precipitation depending on the wind. How do you think the Alaska current affects the climate of western British Columbian and southern Alaska? Why? Since the Alaska current comes from warmer water in the south, it has a warming effect on the lands it passes near. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans and fresh water? ~70% What nickname is given to our planet because of the percentage of water coverage? Blue Planet Understanding Concepts What is the difference between climate and weather? Climate: The historical record of average daily and seasonal weather events. Weather: Description of the physical conditions of the atmosphere (moisture, temperature, pressure, and wind). In other words, look out your window any day, any time and you see weather. Look out your window every day for a month or longer, observe the weather each day, and you can determine the climate. Global Climate What are the factors that affect the weather condition? Temperature Pressure Humidity (moisture content) Wind speed and direction What affects climate? Latitude – how far you are from equator Oceans Topography – shape of the land Altitude – how high you are (sea level vs mountain) Earth winds What heats up more quickly water or land? Land heats up more quickly. Because the air above the ground is hot and the air above the water is cool. Also, land has a low heat capacity. Describe the effect that the Labrador current has on Newfoundland. The Labrador current is a cold current so Newfoundland is colder than other locations at the same latitude The Labrador Current Transports Arctic and sub-polar water south along the Atlantic Canadian coast