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Hinduism Meredith Barr Kelsey Church Origin of Hinduism Thought to have originated in the Indus Valley Civilization North Western India Started when Lord Krishna was born 3102 BCE according to the rig veda (the oldest of the vedas, or holy scriptures) Name came from shindhu (indus in english) valley, the place where they lived. It is difficult to trace the origin because the vedas were passed on orally for millennia Diffusion of Hinduism Diffused from the north to the south of India because of Aryan invasion from 1500-200 BCE Mainly diffused in the post-Gupta period after it’s full revision in India (500-750 AD) From India by way of art and material culture (relocation diffusion) North: Gupta period art – Nepal South: Pallava period art – Southern Vietnam (Champa) – Cambodia – Indonesia Effect on Cultures Nepal “Vishnu on the Serpent Couch” Vishnu (a Hindu god) depicted Gupta style (an Indian empire) Worshipped by hindus Southern Vietnam (Champa) “Celestial dancer” Influenced by gupta and pallava empires Cambodia “Angkor Wat” Used for court ceremonies Dedicated to Vishnu Indonesia “Prambanam” Dedicated to Brahma Vishnu and Shiva Conflicts between 1500 and 200 BCE Aryans invaded the country and controlled its Northern part, pushing the natives towards the southern parts of the country. The Hindu priests won back the north in the 8th century BCE Mauryan Emperor Ashoka favored Buddhism in the 500’s BCE and Hinduism declined until 40 AD when it was slowly revived and Buddhism declined. Greek attack 327-326 BCE- alexander the great 305 BCE- Selecus I Nicator 100 BCE-10 AD Indo-greek rule in the northeast Persian attack in 520 BCE Effect of Other Cultures Mauryans- Forced diffusion to southern India Greeks iconography changed during the indo-Greek rule: many Greek deities included in Hinduism Adopted “divine kingship” Babylon and Iran- many Babylonian and Iranian gods are incorporated into Hinduism Influence of the Environment Hindus believe that everything is a manifestation of Brahman: therefore, the earth, trees, etc. are considered divine. The air is his breath, the trees are the hairs of his body, The oceans his waist, the hills and mountains are his bones, The rivers are the veins of the Cosmic Person, His movements are the passing of ages. – Srimad Bhagavatam It is believed that their isolation from the rest of the world because of the Himalayas resulted in their idealistic views and non-violent customs. Branches of Hinduism Smarta All gods, people, and animals are part of the absolute: Brahman Not personified and gender nuetral 2 types of brahman: Sagun Brahman Nirgun Brahman Also recognizeother gods such as: Devi, Vishnu, Shiva, surya and Ganesh. Vaishnav Vishnu is the only god. personified as male personified as human-like Shaives Shiva is the only god personified as male Personified as non-human Shaktas Shakti (female consort of shiva) is the dominant/holiest god Personified as female Also recognize the female consort of vishnu Ardhanarishvara Worship shiva and shakti and believe they were one god split into their feminine and masculine halves Also recognize a slew of other gods Variations Among Regions Vaishnav Saives Shaktas Smarta Ardhanarishvara Bibliography "Hinduism." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http:// www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266312/Hinduism>. "Hinduism Branches of Faith, History of Hunduism." IndianExcursion.net. Indian Excursion, 2007-2008. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.indianexcursion.net/ hinduism/>. "HISTORY AND IMPACT OF Indo-Greeks." CivilServiceIndia.com. Civil Service India, 2010. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/ History/prelims/Indo-Greeks.html>. Nochur, Aditya. "Hinduism and the environment." tufts.edu. Tufts University, 2 Mar. 2006. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.tufts.edu/chaplaincy/ Gen_PDF_Basic/hinduism.pdf>. "Post-Gupta India, Himalayas, and Southeast Asia." fog.ccsf.edu. City College of San Fransisco, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://fog.ccsf.edu/jcarpent/ southeast_asia_outline.htm>. Rubenstein, James M. "Hinduism." The Cultural Landscape: an Introduction to Human Grography. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. 188-189. Print.
