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1. How are distances in space measured? Lightyears 2. How are distances on Earth measured? Kilometers or miles 3. How long would it take to travel 4 light years if we could travel at the speed of light? 4 years What would be the total round trip? 8 years Can an astronaut live that long to make the journey and back? Yes (but we can’t go the speed of light) 4. What are the patterns of stars in the sky called? Constellations 5. Why does it make sense that looking at stars is like looking into the past? It takes light many years to get to Earth, so the light we see is already old. The farther away the star is the older the light. 8. When is a star born? When contracting gas and dust become so hot that nuclear fusion starts in a protostar 9. A star’s ______________ mass determines the length of its life cycle. 10. Which are closer together, planets or stars? Planets 11. Draw a spiral galaxy, irregular galaxy and an elliptical galaxy. 12. How are elliptical galaxies different from spiral galaxies? Elliptical are older than spiral, elliptical does not have arms How are they different from irregular galaxies? Elliptical galaxies have a definite shape, elliptical has older stars 13. List out the life cycle of a massive star Main sequence, then as it dies it will move to super giant and either explode in a supernova or create a black hole. 14. List out the life cycle of a smaller size star. What is the difference between this and the massive star? The small star will start out in the main sequence and as it ages it will expand. After becoming a red giant only the core will remain and it will be a white dwarf. The small star will never explode or become super large in size like the massive star. 15. What is the Big Bang Theory? The theory that the universe began with an enormous explosion about 10 to 15 billion years ago Circle T or F: 16. T or F All stars in the Milky Way galaxy are the same age. 17. T or F All stars in the Milky Way galaxy are made of mainly hydrogen. 18. T or F The Milky Way galaxy is spiral shaped. 19. T or F All stars in the Milky Way galaxy are different sizes. 20. T or F All stars in the Milky Way galaxy are the same color. 21. T or F All stars in the Milky Way galaxy are different distances from each other. Antares Van Maanen’s Star The above Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram graphs stars by surface temperature and brightness, and assigns stars a color. blue 22. What is the color of the hottest stars? _____________ 23. What is the color of the coolest stars? _____________ red 24.What color is Sirius B? _____________ blue 25. Which is brighter the Sun or Van Maanen’s Star? _______________ Sun 26. Name a main sequence star. ____________________________ Sun 27. Describe stars that are on the main sequence. 90 percent of all stars, Surface temperature increases as brightness increases 28. Define a galaxyA giant structure that contains dust, gases, and hundreds of billions of stars. 29. What force acts on everything in the universe? Gravity 30. What is a supernova? The explosion of a dying giant or super giant star 31. Our sun is a __________________ Main sequence type of star. 32. When our sun runs out of fuel, it will become a 33. Why don’t we see other stars during the day? The light from the sun is too bright Red giant then a white dwarf 34. Why is the Sun so bright in our sky during the day? It’s the closest star to earth and we are facing the sun during the day 35. If a star is 17 light years away from us, how long does it take light from that star to reach Earth? 17 years 36. What is the importance of using different units of measurement for different lengths? Some distances are much shorter or longer than others so we use different measurements to make them easier to understand. 37. What are the most common elements found in stars? Hydrogen and Helium 38. Light years measure distance Density: 39. What is the formula for density? D=M/V 40. What does mass measureThe amount of matter in an object. 41. What does volume measure?The amount of space matter takes up 42. Susan goes on a trip and packs 3 shirts and 3 pairs of jeans in her suitcase. On her trip she purchased 4 souvenir t-shirts and a sweatshirt. When she was leaving her hotel, she had to stuff all of these items into the same suitcase. stayed the same How did the volume of the suitcase change? It _____________________ It increased How did the mass of the suitcase change? _____________________ It increased Did the density of the suitcase change? _______________________ 43. If an object has a mass of 104g and a volume of 4cm3, what is the density?__________ 26g/cm3 44. If liquid has a mass of 102g and a volume of 6mL, what is the density? 17 g/ml 45. An object has a mass of 600g and is dropped into a graduated cylinder. The water level in the graduated cylinder rose from 80mL to 120mL. What is the volume? __________ 40ml 600 g What is the mass? __________ 15 g/ml What is the density? ___________ 46. Copper has a density of 9g/cm3. A copper pipe has a mass of 225g and a volume of 25mL. Is the pipe pure? Density of the pipe _____________ 9g/cm3 Is it pure? ________________ Yes