Download Cell wall

Cell wall

Location




Function


Outer most layer of plant cells
Covers cell membrane in plants
PLANT cells only; it’s what makes plant cells rectangular
Gives cells rigidity/strength
Structure

Made primarily of cellulose embedded w/ other proteins/carbs
2 types of cell walls

Primary cell wall


In young cells (it’s elastic and allows for growth)
Secondary cell wall


In mature cells that have stopped growing
Very rigid
What is the middle lamella?

“Gluey” substance made of pectin (pectin is a carb!) that
allows cells to stick together
Cell wall
Cell wall
Vacuole

Location



Function


Stores water, organic molecules, toxins, and waste products
Structure



PLANT cells only
Largest organelle in plant cells
Membrane-bound
Size and shape vary
We just said some vacuoles store toxins. Why?

Provide a defense against plant eating animals!
Vacuole
Plastids - Chloroplasts

Location


Structure






PLANT cells only
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Third system of membranes inside = thylakoids
Contain own DNA (evidence supporting Endosymbiotic theory)
Contain chlorophyll
Function

Convert light energy into chemical energy (sun → glucose)
Other plastids
1. Chromoplasts = make and store other colored pigments
that give fruits, flowers, and plants color


Carotenoids (orange and red pigments)
Xanthophylls (yellow pigments)
2. Leucoplasts = store starch, proteins, and lipids; white in
color; found in roots and non-photosynthetic tissues
Picture of chloroplast