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Transcript 
Cell theory
• Cells – the smallest unit of life
• sack of chemicals ?
• living things
– take energy and nutrients from environment
– maintenance and repair
– reproduction
3 parts of the Cell
• cell membrane =
plasma membrane
• nucleus
genes
• cytoplasm
organelles
chemicals , water
Cellular Anatomy
p 66
cell membrane
• inside
=
intracellular
• outside =
extracellular
• other cells
• proteins and other chemicals
• interstitial fluids
cell membrane
• protein pores / channels
transport
p 67
cell membrane
• receptors
communication
p 67
cell membrane
• antigens
=
ID markers
cell membrane
• cholesterol
support
organelles
• compartments in cytoplasm
• separate cell functions
ribosomes
• site of protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum
• transport
• RER = rough endoplasmic reticulum
– have ribosomes
– protein synthesis
• SER = smooth endoplasmic reticulum
– no ribosomes
– calcium storage
mitochondria
• “energy plant”
• cell respiration
makes ATP
p 34
Golgi apparatus
• “shipping plant”
• packages proteins
into vesicles for exocytosis
lysosome
• lysosomes
– digestive enzymes = lysozyme
– destroy foreign cells
– aid in cell death
always follow directions
Nucleus
• genetic material =
• chromosome
– 46 chromosomes
• ~ 40,000 genes
DNA
1 DNA molecule
• 1 gene is the code to make 1 protein
protein synthesis
• proteins for:
most cell functions
structure
• cell’s structure and function is based on its proteins
• cell’s proteins based on its active genes
Mitosis
• cell division
• one cell  2 identical cells
cell specialization
•
•
•
•
all cells develop from 1 single cell
cells have all genes
cells differ by active genes
cell differ by their proteins
structural
enzymes
receptors
hemoglobin
actin, myosin
tissues
• tissue
=
many cells
same structure and function
• structure aids function
• 2 main tissue groups :
– epithelial
contact openings
– connective
connect other tissues
lumen
epithelial tissue
muscle
connective
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
we are built in layers :
epithelia
connective
cartilage
connective
adipose
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