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Name: Date: Chp. 08: Interest Groups Period: Filled In Notes Ch. 8: Interest Groups 1 Objectives about Political Parties The student will demonstrate knowledge of local, state, and national elections by a) describing the organization, role, and constituencies of political parties; b) describing the nomination and election process; c) examining campaign funding and spending; d) examining different perspectives on the role of government Recognizing Propaganda Directions: Examine the propaganda posters below (both are American posters from World War II). Then answer the questions at the bottom of the page. Notes Ch. 8: Interest Groups 2 1. What beliefs/actions are these posters urging people to follow? 2. How and why might these posters have been effective in influencing Americans’ beliefs/actions during WWII? I. The Nature of Interest Groups 1. What is the role of Interest Groups? a. interest group – private organization that tries to persuade public officials to respond to the shared attitudes of its members b. organized efforts to protect group interests are a fundamental part of the democratic process c. seek to influence public policy – goals a government sets and the various courses of action it pursues as it attempts to realize these goals 2. What’s the difference between Political Parties and Interest Groups Political Parties 3. Notes Interest Groups nominate candidates for public office try to affect the outcomes of elections interested in winning elections and controlling concerned with controlling or influencing the policies of government (focus is on the candidate) government (focus is on the issue) concerned with the whole range of public affairs almost always concentrate on those issues that most (everything of concern to the voters) directly affect their members public private What are the functions of interest groups? a. help stimulate interest in public affairs b. represent their members on the basis of shared attitudes rather than on the basis of geography c. often provide useful, specialized and detailed information on government Ch. 8: Interest Groups 3 d. means of political participation - often difficult for one person to accomplish anything, but thousands of like-minded people can accomplish a lot 4. e. checks and balances on government f. compete with one another – checks and balances among interest groups What are the criticisms of interest groups? a. some interest groups are too powerful b. it is often hard to tell how many people an interest groups actually represents c. many groups do not represent the views of all the people they claim to represent d. often dominated by an active minority some groups use shady tactics (i.e. bribery, threats of revenge) II. What are some Types of Interest Groups? 1. Groups Based on Economic Interests a. Business Groups b. Chamber of Commerce; founded in 1912; represents 200,000 businesses and 5 million people Labor Groups million Americans belong to labor groups American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO) is the largest and most powerful; made up of about 100 smaller llabor unions c. “white collar v. blue collar” geographic location Agricultural Groups 1790 – 94.9% of the population lived on farms – today less than 2% American Farm Bureau – largest and most effective agricultural group d. sometimes disagree with each other supports federal programs to promote agriculture opposes most government regulation and favors a free market National Grange – oldest and most conservative group Professional Groups for occupations that require extensive and specialized training such as medicine, law and teaching EX – American Medical Association (AMA), American Bar Association (ABA) and the National Education Association (NEA) Notes Ch. 8: Interest Groups 4 2. Other Interest Groups a. b. c. 3. Promote Causes American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) – fights for political and civil rights Moveon.org – interest group with a liberal agenda League of Women Voters National Right-to-Life Committee Organizations that Promote the Welfare of Certain Groups American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) work to advance the interests of the nation’s veterans American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Religious Organizations Public-Interest Groups a. groups that seek to institute certain public policies of benefit to all or most people in the United States III. Interest Groups at Work 1. 2. Influencing Public Opinion a. groups try to supply the public with info they think it should have b. tries to promote a positive image of itself c. promotes its particular public policy Propaganda a. propaganda – a technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behaviors b. trying to create a popular belief c. to be successful, it must be presented in simple, interesting, and credible terms d. 3. attack the policies they oppose with name calling Influencing Parties and Elections a. groups keep close ties to one or both of the political parties b. encourage members to play active roles in party affairs must be careful about how they support a candidate if support a Democrat, cannot attack the Republican candidate c. contribute a great deal of money to the candidate of their choice d. single interest groups – concentrate all their efforts on one issue Notes use glittering generalities like “American” “fair” and “just” work for (more often against) a candidate based on that issue Ch. 8: Interest Groups 5 4. Lobbying a. lobbying – those activities by which group pressures are brought to bear on all aspects of the public policy making process b. a bill on one issue may arouse the attention of many interest groups c. 5. Notes EX – a bill to regulate the sale of firearms lobbyists’ work doesn’t stop after a bill is passed make sure the agencies in the executive branch enforce (don’t enforce) the new law pressures on the courts to interpret the law certain ways Lobbyists at Work a. see that articles, reports and info favorable to their causes reach officeholders b. testify in front of committees c. grass roots – of or from the people, the average voters use emails, telephone calls, postcards to reach the “folks back home” trying to get the public on their side some actually publish “rankings” of congressional members d. make campaign contributions e. write speeches Ch. 8: Interest Groups 6 Glossary Ch. 8b Directions: Fill in the definition for the term listed. Then, in the box on the right, you have to draw a picture OR write the definition in your own words OR write a sentence using the word that demonstrates its meeting. Interest Group . Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) . . .. Public Policy . Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) . . .. Propaganda . Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) . . .. Lobbying . Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) . . .. Grass Roots . Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) . . .. Notes Ch. 8: Interest Groups 7 Summary DIRECTIONS: Choose only one of the following: a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words) c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page) Notes Ch. 8: Interest Groups 8