Download João Gilberto - MUSI 111: Jazz – History and Development

Singers in the ‘50s / ‘60s
and Latin jazz
Singers In The Mainstream
Frank Sinatra – see text chapter 16
Singers In The Mainstream
Nat King Cole – see text chapter 16
Singers In The Mainstream
Sarah Vaughan – see text chapter 16
Latin Jazz
Sub-Saharan Africans in New World
Approx. 12-14
million people
from SubSaharan
Africa in New
World
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Cuba
Although African drumming influenced jazz, the music styles of
the Caribbean were closer to the African rhythmic roots.
Styles played in Cuba and Puerto Rico in the late-19th and 20th
centuries relied heavily on this traditional drumming
In the 1940s, jazz players in New York collaborated with Cuban
musicians.
Cuba
Cuban styles like rumba and (later) mambo were played
often in New York in the late ‘30s and into the ‘40s.
Cuban dance styles such as habenera, danzón, and
charanga date back more than a century.
Palladium Ballroom
Spanish Harlem (East Harlem) had
many Latin music clubs
Palladium Ballroom – mid-town
Manhattan
In 1948 started featuring Latin music,
mambo craze in NY in the 1940s
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Cuba
Cuba at the time was also a vacation destination for
Americans.
Most Cuban music was very dance oriented and did not
have a lot to do with the explosive bebop jazz of the day.
Cuban culture and dance bands were very popular in New
York at the time. This was later romanticized by characters
like Desi Arnaz in the show I Love Lucy.
Cuba
Early jazz musicians like Jelly Roll Morton, W.C. Handy, and
Louis Armstrong incorporated a “Latin Tinge” into their
music.
Recall the Latin section on the intro of W.C. Handy’s “St.
Louis Blues”
Cuban influences in bop
Afro-Cuban jazz (a.k.a. Cubop) grew out of the proximity of
Cuban dance music in New York and the explosive jazz
scene.
Afro-Cuban jazz got its biggest boost when early Cuban
bandleader Mario Bauzá and percussionist Chano Pozo
collaborated with jazz trumpet star Dizzy Gillespie.
Bauzá worked in Cab Calloway’s band with Gillespie,
and he had also worked with Chick Webb.
Cuban influences in bop
The end result of this meeting was a Cuban influenced big
band led by Gillespie in the late 1940s.
The biggest hit of this band was the tune “Manteca,”
meaning lard (but was actually Cuban slang for marijuana).
Recorded in 1947, ”Manteca” is a prime example of the
fusion of the two cultures.
Cuban influences in bop
TRACK - LISTENING JOURNAL
“Manteca”
1947
https://youtu.be/s2Tt6W-TxXs
A-A-B-A form
The A sections feature a Latin groove and
bassline, whereas Dizzy’s bridge borrows
from jazz harmony.
Cuban influences in bop
“Manteca”
1947
”Manteca” was the first Latin tune with a
jazz structure.
Pozo and Gillespie in 1947
Cuban influences in bop
Other NYC bands had been playing Afro-Cuban jazz prior to
Gillespie, but it was Gillespie’s involvement that brought
Latin jazz to a wider audience.
Machito and His Afro-Cubans
 Formed in 1940, this was the first Latin band known
for longer jazz style solos
 Influenced Charlie Parker
Stan Kenton
Gillespie
and others
Brazilian jazz and bossa nova
Known for Samba & Bossa Nova
Samba, traditional outdoors, loud
percussion music for celebrating Carnival
Bossa Nova, since 1950s, softer
indoor version of Samba, took on its
own rhythmic style & mixed with
jazz
Samba mixed with Jazz later
Has specific instruments and rhythms
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Samba Percussion
Surdo, Caixa, Repenique, Ganza, Agogo,
Tamborim
Apito
Pandeiro
Cuica
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Carnival in Brazil
Samba
with tamborim
with cuica
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Samba Percussion
https://youtu.be/iw8uLesWgUQ
[caution: loud!]
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Brazil: Bossa Nova
Features Brazilian rhythms on
classical guitar, bass, piano,
drumset, often with vocalist &
elements of Jazz
Developed by
Antonio Carlos “Tom” Jobim
(piano),
Vinícius de Moraes (lyrics)
João Gilberto (guitar)
1958
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Stan Getz & Charlie Byrd
Early album by American jazz musicians of
Brazilian songs
“Samba de Uma Nota Só” (One-Note Samba)
by Tom Jobim
https://youtu.be/8xkLF33eghI
1962
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Stan Getz & João Gilberto
American & Brazilian musicians
together:
Stan Getz (tenor saxophone),
João Gilberto (classical guitar),
Tom Jobim (piano),
Astrud Gilberto (vocal)
“The Girl from Ipanema”
https://youtu.be/weGbfo3vm-4
Live: https://youtu.be/UJkxFhFRFDA
1964
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
JOÃO GILBERTO and STAN GETZ
TRACK – LISTENING JOURNAL
“So Danço Samba”
p. 388 text
1963
Getz/Gilberto
Stan Getz (tenor saxophone)
João Gilberto (classical guitar & vocal)
Tom Jobim (piano)
https://youtu.be/uiWEJotU__0
Brazilian jazz and bossa nova
Bossa Nova was viewed by some as a more
commercial style
Some Brazilian artists like Airto Moreira mixed
jazz with more energetic Samba rhythm
Airto later brought his drumset and
percussion playing to fusion in Chick Coreas
band.
Salsa
Salsa is essentially a dance music that fuses various Cuban styles with Latin jazz
and Puerto Rican influences.
It arose not in Cuba, but in New York in the 1960s. Salsa is an American
evolution of Latin music, with roots in the Cuban dance bands of NY and the
“Cubop” played in the late ‘40s and 1950s.
Salsa
The foundation of salsa is the Cuban son style or son
montuno. It was one of a variety of Cuban dance styles in
NYC in the ‘40s and ‘50s. Son is a traditional song style in
Cuba, however, son montuno was more rhythmically
complex and had more vamp sections.
VIDEO CLIPS:
Son montuno rhythm:
Benny More, “Ya Son Las Doce”
https://youtu.be/dYmsJgYsvN4
Salsa
Some purveyors of salsa include Tito Puente, Celia Cruz,
Willie Colón, Eddie Palmieri, and Los Van Van.
Video documentary on mambo and salsa:
https://youtu.be/WkFNOSVuSG0
Tito Puente
Puerto Rican
1958
Plays timbales and vibraphone
Expanded the range of Latin rhythms
used in Latin Jazz (Guaguancó and
Son Montuno)
Got his start in Machito’s band
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Eddie Palmieri (b. 1936)
Palmieri is a pianist and composer born
in NYC of Puerto Rican descent
He takes inspiration from Latin music
and jazz
Cites Horace Silver, McCoy Tyner, and
others as influences
Palmieri’s salsa group, La Perfecta, had a
powerful sound led by two trombonists
Salsa
Eddie Palmieri
TRACK – LISTENING JOURNAL
 ”Un Dia Bonito”
Eddie Palmieri (piano/composer)
1974
 https://youtu.be/xwnmo0Mtnik
Summary
Latin Jazz – earliest example of
jazz mixing with non-American
musics
Each area of Latin America has
distinct rhythms, instruments,
dances, musical styles &
improvisatory practice = rich
influences to draw on for jazz
artists
Jazz = distinct harmonic,
instrumentation, and
improvisatory practice
Blends well with Latin
American styles
Fits jazz artists’ quest for new
ways to compose, improvise,
and perform jazz since 1940s
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD
Further Info.
© N. Scott Robinson, PhD