Download Effects of Different Lime Applications on Green Peas on the Blues

Effects of Different Lime Applications
on Green Peas on the Blues
Dr. Lyndon Porter: USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA.
Dr. Rich Koenig: Washington State University
Tom Darnell: Oregon State University
Soilborne Pathogens of Legumes
Rhizoctonia
Fusarium
Nematodes
Pythium and Aphanomyces
Aphanomyces root rot
Root Lesion Nematode infected roots
More prominent in peas and wheat following
chickpeas
Fusarium root rot
Objectives of Research
• Identify the impact of liming on root
diseases and yield.
Reasons to Lime
• Low soil pH can negatively impact pea plant
health
– Peas are moderately tolerant to acidity ( pH of 5.5 to
6.5)
• Stresses to plants can make them more susceptible
to disease.
• Optimum soil pH for peas is 6 to 7
– Better nitrogen fixation of Rhizobium
– Low pH can induce manganese and aluminum toxicity
(<5)
– Acid soils can cause deficiencies in calcium,
magnesium, phosphate and molybdenum
Minimum pH for Growth
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Lentils
Peas
Chickpeas
Winter wheat
Barley
5.65
5.52
?
5.37
5.23
– Mahler and McDole, UI
• Alfalfa
6.3
Don Horneck, OSU
Materials and Methods
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Location: Milton Freewater, OR
Dryland farm for processing pea production
Soil type: Athena silt loam
Soil pH around 5.5.
Variety: Serge planted at 161 lb/acre
Drill: Anderson Horsch Direct Seeding Drill
Planting depth 2”
Between row spacing: 9.0 inches
Within row spacing: 2 inches
Plot sizes 20 x 40 feet
Calpril used as lime source (Crushed limestone).
Pacific Calcium Inc.
Fall application of treatments
Non-treated control
Lime @ 10000 lb/acre
Lime @ 4000 lb/acre
Lime @ 2000 lb/acre
Sulfur @ 2000 lb/acre
Measurements Assessed
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Stand counts, two weeks after planting
Plant height at bloom
Plant fresh weight at bloom
Root disease at bloom
Top fresh weight at bloom
Top dry weight at bloom
Dry root weight at bloom
Yield (Dry wt.)
Effects of Liming on Stand
Counts (10 feet/row)
57
a
a
56
a
55
54
53
a
a
52
51
50
Control
Sulfur 2000 Lime 2000
Lime 4000 Lime 10000
Effects of Liming on Plant
Height (cm)
62
61.5
61
60.5
60
59.5
59
58.5
58
57.5
57
a
a
a
a
b
Control
Sulfur 2000 Lime 2000
Lime 4000 Lime 10000
Effects of Liming on Foliar Fresh
and Dry Weight (grams)
25
a
b
20
ab
ab
ab
15
10
5
a
b
ab
ab
ab
0
Control
Sulfur 2000 Lime 2000
Lime 4000 Lime 10000
Effects of Liming on Root
Disease (grams)
a
2.65
ab
2.6
2.55
bc
2.5
2.45
c
c
2.4
2.35
2.3
Control
Sulfur 2000 Lime 2000
Lime 4000 Lime 10000
Effects of Liming on Dry Root
Weight (grams)
0.14
a
b
0.12
b
b
b
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Control
Sulfur 2000 Lime 2000
Lime 4000 Lime 10000
Effects of Liming on Dry Yield
(lb/acre)
1600
a
1400
a
a
a
1200
a
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Control
Sulfur 2000 Lime 2000
Lime 4000 Lime 10000
Conclusions
Lime Applications
• Stand counts not significantly different.
• Plant height, plant weight, and yield were all
greatest for the non-treated control.
• Root disease significantly increased by lime but
not sulfur.
• Future research:
– Assess nutrient levels in plants to see what is happening
– Assess long term impacts of liming
Acknowledgements
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Eric
Ginny Coffman
Smith’s Frozen Foods
Ed leahy
Dennis Ray
Questions?
Soil Fertility 1 Foot Depth
NO3 (lbs per acre)
34.5
NH4 (lbs per acre)
14.25
Sulfur (ppm)
3
pH
5.53
Soluable salts
0.40
Organic matter %
2.13
P (bic) (ppm)
21.5
K (bic) (ppm)
443.25
P (ace) (ppm)
4.1
K (ace) (ppm)
359.75
Calcium (meq. per 100 grams)
7.93
Magnesium (meq. per 100 grams)
2.60
Sodium (meq. per 100 grams)
0.07
Boron (ppm)
0.18
Zinc (ppm)
1.73
Manganese (ppm)
26.9
Iron (ppm)
49.5
Copper (ppm)
1.53