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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook October 20, 2016 Layers of the Earth Layers of the Earth Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM How do we know about the different layers of Earth's interior when we've never been there? Oct 154:00 PM Make a note: These layers are inferred based on seismic (earthquake) data. Oct 116:41 AM CRUST Forms the Earth’s outer skin • Contains ______________________ Oct 188:48 AM ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Oct 154:00 PM 1 NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook October 20, 2016 CRUST CRUST • Thinnest on ocean floor – called the: It is 5 – 40 km thick • Thickest on land – called the: Continental Crust ______________________ _____________ Oceanic Crust ______________________ _____________ Basalt • Made up mostly of ____________________ Granite • Made up mostly of ____________________ Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM CRUST The _______________ crust is more dense than Page 10 the ________________ crust. Where do you think we can find this information ????? Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM CRUST CRUST oceanic The _______________ crust is more dense than 2.7 g/cm continental Density of the ______________ crust is ______________ continental the ________________ crust. 3.0 g/cm oceanic Density of the ______________ crust is ______________ Oct 154:00 PM 3 3 Oct 154:00 PM 2 NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook October 20, 2016 CRUST Chemical composition: O = Si = Al = Fe = Ca = Na = K = Mg = Where can you find.......? Oct 154:00 PM Oct 208:36 AM CRUST MANTLE Chemical composition: O = Oxygen Si = Silicon Al = Aluminum Fe = Iron Ca = Calcium Na = Sodium K = Potassium Mg = Magnesium Oct 154:00 PM MANTLE Thickest layer of the Earth • 40 km – 2,900 km below the Earth’s surface Oct 154:00 PM MANTLE MOHO Discontinuity (surface where seismic waves change velocity) • Boundary between the _____________ and the ______________ • Discovered by Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovicic (~1910) • Velocity of seismic waves relate to the density of the material they move through (higher density = faster waves) • Waves accelerate at MOHO Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM 3 NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook October 20, 2016 MANTLE MANTLE Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM MANTLE MOHO Discontinuity (surface where seismic waves change velocity) mantle crust • Boundary between the _____________ and the ______________ • Discovered by Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovicic (~1910) MANTLE Mantle is sub‐divided into three sections: • Rigid Mantle • Plastic Mantle • Stiffer Mantle • Velocity of seismic waves relate to the density of the material they move through (higher density = faster waves) • Waves accelerate at MOHO Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM MANTLE Rigid Mantle • Solid layer of very hot rock just below the crust aka • The rigid mantle (upper mantle) and ALL of the crust form Lithosphere the ________________________________ Greek: "stone / rock" Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM 4 NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook October 20, 2016 MANTLE Continental & Oceanic Crust Plastic Mantle Upper Mantle • Less viscosity than the rigid mantle resistance to flow • Viscosity: ___________________________________ ASTHENOSPHERE • Makes up the ________________________________ Greek: "weak" Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM Also at the "top" of the mantle -- just not the VERY TOP Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM LITHOSPHERE ASTHENOSPHERE _____________________ floats on top of ______________________ MANTLE Stiffer Mantle • Returns to a more solid mantle all the way to the core Mantle chemical composition: Si, O, Fe, Mg Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM 5 NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook CORE October 20, 2016 CORE • Outer (liquid) Core: Molten metal of thick ? ? ____________ and ____________ • 2,900 km to 5,150 km below Earth’s surface • Outer (liquid) Core • Inner (solid) Core Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM CORE ? Oct 154:00 PM • Outer (liquid) Core: Molten metal of thick nickel iron ____________ and ____________ • 2,900 km to 5,150 km below Earth’s surface Oct 154:00 PM CORE • Outer (liquid) Core: Molten metal of thick ____________ and ____________ • 2,900 km to 5,150 km below Earth’s surface Pressure Section Removed Oct 154:00 PM Oct 154:00 PM 6 NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook October 20, 2016 Pressure Section Removed Pressure Section Removed 2900 km Oct 154:00 PM 5100 km Oct 154:00 PM CORE • Inner (solid) Core: Dense ball of solid metal iron nickel (____________ and ____________) • 5,150 km to 6,371 km below Earth’s surface Pressure Section Removed 2900 km 5100 km Oct 154:00 PM 5100 km Oct 154:00 PM 6300 km Oct 154:00 PM 7