Download NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook

NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
October 20, 2016
Layers of the Earth
Layers of the Earth
Oct 15­4:00 PM
Oct 15­4:00 PM
How do we know about the
different layers of Earth's
interior when we've never been
there?
Oct 15­4:00 PM
Make a note:
These layers are inferred based on seismic (earthquake) data.
Oct 11­6:41 AM
CRUST
Forms the Earth’s outer skin
• Contains ______________________
Oct 18­8:48 AM
______________________
______________________
______________________
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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
October 20, 2016
CRUST
CRUST
• Thinnest on ocean floor – called the:
It is 5 – 40 km thick
• Thickest on land – called the:
Continental
Crust
______________________ _____________
Oceanic
Crust
______________________ _____________
Basalt
• Made up mostly of ____________________
Granite
• Made up mostly of ____________________
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
CRUST
The _______________ crust is more dense than Page 10
the ________________ crust.
Where do you think we can find
this information ?????
Oct 15­4:00 PM
Oct 15­4:00 PM
CRUST
CRUST
oceanic
The _______________ crust is more dense than 2.7 g/cm
continental
Density of the ______________ crust is ______________
continental
the ________________ crust.
3.0 g/cm
oceanic
Density of the ______________ crust is ______________
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3
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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
October 20, 2016
CRUST
Chemical composition:
O =
Si =
Al =
Fe =
Ca =
Na =
K =
Mg =
Where can you find.......?
Oct 15­4:00 PM
Oct 20­8:36 AM
CRUST
MANTLE
Chemical composition:
O = Oxygen
Si = Silicon
Al = Aluminum
Fe = Iron
Ca = Calcium
Na = Sodium
K = Potassium
Mg = Magnesium
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MANTLE
Thickest layer of the Earth
• 40 km – 2,900 km below the Earth’s surface
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MANTLE
MOHO Discontinuity (surface where seismic waves change velocity)
• Boundary between the _____________ and the ______________
• Discovered by Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovicic (~1910)
• Velocity of seismic waves relate to the density of the material
they move through (higher density = faster waves)
• Waves accelerate at MOHO
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
October 20, 2016
MANTLE
MANTLE
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
MANTLE
MOHO Discontinuity (surface where seismic waves change velocity)
mantle
crust
• Boundary between the _____________ and the ______________
• Discovered by Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovicic (~1910)
MANTLE
Mantle is sub‐divided into three sections:
• Rigid Mantle
• Plastic Mantle
• Stiffer Mantle
• Velocity of seismic waves relate to the density of the material
they move through (higher density = faster waves)
• Waves accelerate at MOHO
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
MANTLE
Rigid Mantle
• Solid layer of very hot rock just below the crust
aka
• The rigid mantle (upper mantle) and ALL of the crust form
Lithosphere
the ________________________________ Greek: "stone / rock"
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
October 20, 2016
MANTLE
Continental & Oceanic Crust
Plastic Mantle
Upper Mantle
• Less viscosity than the rigid mantle
resistance to flow
• Viscosity: ___________________________________
ASTHENOSPHERE
• Makes up the ________________________________ Greek: "weak"
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
Also at the "top" of
the mantle -- just
not the VERY TOP
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
LITHOSPHERE
ASTHENOSPHERE
_____________________ floats on top of ______________________
MANTLE
Stiffer Mantle
• Returns to a more solid mantle all the way to the core
Mantle chemical composition: Si, O, Fe, Mg
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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
CORE
October 20, 2016
CORE
• Outer (liquid) Core: Molten metal of thick ?
?
____________ and ____________
• 2,900 km to 5,150 km below Earth’s surface • Outer (liquid) Core
• Inner (solid) Core
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Oct 15­4:00 PM
CORE
?
Oct 15­4:00 PM
• Outer (liquid) Core: Molten metal of thick nickel
iron
____________ and ____________
• 2,900 km to 5,150 km below Earth’s surface Oct 15­4:00 PM
CORE
• Outer (liquid) Core: Molten metal of thick ____________ and ____________
• 2,900 km to 5,150 km below Earth’s surface Pressure Section Removed
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NOTES Layers of Earth (Pt 1).notebook
October 20, 2016
Pressure Section Removed
Pressure Section Removed
2900 km
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5100 km
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CORE
• Inner (solid) Core: Dense ball of solid metal iron
nickel
(____________ and ____________)
• 5,150 km to 6,371 km below Earth’s surface Pressure Section Removed
2900 km
5100 km
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5100 km
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6300 km
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