Download Digestive system and its Health problems

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Digestive system and its Health problems
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Digestive Diseases
The digestive system made up of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), liver, pancreas, and gallbladder helps the body digest food. Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which your body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. Some digestive diseases and conditions are acute, lasting only a short time, while others are chronic, or long‐lasting.
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Digestive system
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Common Problems of Digestive system 
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohn's Disease.
Celiac Disease, Bowel Control Problems, Gas, Lactose Intolerance, Diarrhea, Constipation, Diverticulosis, Acid Reflux (GER).
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Constipation
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What is constipation
Constipation is the slow movement of stool through the large intestine. The longer it takes for the stool to move through the large intestine, the more it loses fluid and the drier and harder it becomes.
The patient may be unable to have a bowel movement, have to push harder to have a bowel movement, or have fewer than their usual number of bowel movements. 6
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What Causes Constipation?
Reasons for constipation could include:
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Less fiber: If you don’t eat enough high‐fiber foods like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. High‐fat meats, dairy products eggs, and sugary sweet may cause constipation. 
Using too many laxatives and enemas.
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Lack of exercise
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What Causes Constipation?.......Cont
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‐ Holding back bowel movements. Ignoring an urge to have a bowel movement. ‐ Medical conditions, like stroke, diabetes, or a blockage in the intestines. ‐ Some medicines, Antacids, some supplements. Spinal cord injury, Paralysis, Stroke or other disorders,
‐ Peripheral neuropathy , Weakness of the diaphragm, abdominal muscles weakness.
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find the cause of the constipation:
The following tests and procedures used: Physical exam: Check signs of health, bowel sounds and swollen, painful abdomen,
Digital rectal exam (DRE): gloved finger into the lower part of the rectum to feel for lumps or anything else
Fecal occult blood test: Check stool for blood that can only be seen with a microscope. 
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Proctoscopy: An exam of the rectum using a proctoscope, inserted into the rectum. Colonoscopy: Look inside the rectum and colon for polyps, abnormal areas, or cancer
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Treatment of Constipation
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Treatment choices for constipation include:
•Medications.
•Exercise and activity •Home remedies
•Diet and fluids 11
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Medications
Medications for constipation can include:
Suppositories, mineral oil, stool softeners, laxatives, such as Senokot. •Taking a medication too often can reduce its effectiveness or aggravate negative side effects.
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Exercise and Activity
Physical activity can help prevent and relieve constipation.
Exercise helps constipation by decreasing the time it takes food to move through the large intestine, thus limiting the amount of water absorbed from the stool into the body. Hard, dry stools are harder to pass. 13
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Home Remedies
Home remedies may include:
Karo corn syrup •prune juice mixed with a good‐quality apple juice or applesauce to
make it more palatable.
•Allowing enough time on the toilet. Some doctors suggest 10 to 15 minutes at least twice a day.
•Enemas, but only when recommended by a doctor.
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Diet for Constipation
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Diet and Fluids
Include:
Drinking enough water and juice can help you have regular bowel movements. •Add fiber to the diet, including whole grain breads, whole grain cereals, bran cereals or muffins, and popcorn. •Ground beans also can be added to other foods.
•Increase the amount of fruits and vegetables.
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Diet and Fluids…..Cont
Take probiotic, Proposed probiotic for constipation involves: Bifidobacteria (B. bifidum, B. infantis, and B. longum) and Lactobacillus (L. reuteri, L. casei, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus).
Specific foods for constipation: Berries, beans, and Broccoli. Dried fruits, such as dates, figs, prunes, apricots, and raisins.
whole grain bread. Plums, Pears, and Apples.
Nut https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4291444/
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Use this table as a tool to help replace less healthy foods with foods that have fiber
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What should you avoid eating if you’re constipated?
Try not to eat too many foods with little or no fiber, such as
- Cheese, chips, fast food, ice cream, meat, high in fat and low in fiber
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Avoid processed foods, such as hot dogs or some low
fiber microwavable dinners
Limit soft drinks and drinks containing caffeine, such as cola, coffee, and tea.
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Acid Reflux (GER)
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WhatisAcid Reflux (GER)?
Acid Reflux (GER) happens when your stomach contents come
back up into your esophagus.
Stomach acid that touches the lining of your esophagus can
cause heartburn.
Acid Reflux (GER) happen when your lower esophageal
sphincter becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn’t,
causing stomach contents to rise up into the esophagus,
causes increased pressure on your abdomen.
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Does GER have another name?
Doctors also refer to Acid Reflux (GER)
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acid indigestion
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acid regurgitation
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heartburn
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reflux
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Who is more likely to have Acid Reflux (GER) ?
. You are more likely to have Acid Reflux (GER ) if you are
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Overweight or obese
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a pregnant woman
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taking certain medicines
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a smoker or regularly exposed to secondhand smoke
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ComplicationsofAcid Reflux (GER)
Adults who have chronic esophagitis over many years are
more likely to develop:
- precancerous changes in the esophagus including
narrowing and cancer.
- Asthma and chest congestion.
- Cough or a sore throat
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ComplicationsofAcid Reflux (GER)
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hoarseness—the partial loss of your voice
laryngitis—the swelling of your voice box that can lead to a
short-term loss of your voice
pneumonia—an infection in one or both of your lungs—that
keeps coming back
wheezing—a high-pitched whistling sound when you
breathe
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ComplicationsofAcid Reflux (GER) …Cont
Other common Acid Reflux (GER) complications include:
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Bad breath
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Nausea
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Pain in your chest or the upper part of your abdomen
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problems swallowing or painful swallowing
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Respiratory problems
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Vomiting
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The wearing away of your teeth
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Causes Acid Reflux (GER)
o
Certain medicines, including: medicines that treat
asthma or high blood pressure, antihistamines (antiallergy), Painkillers, Sedatives and o
Antidepressant medicines o
Smoking
o
Hiatal hernia can also cause acid o
reflux (GER)
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Diagnoses
Several tests can help a doctor diagnose Acid Reflux (GER)
including: .
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsy.
An x-ray technician performs this procedure at a hospital or an
outpatient center.
barium shows up on the x-ray and can find problems related to
Acid Reflux (GER) , such as: hiatal hernias, esophageal
strictures, ulcers,
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Diagnoses……Cont
Most accurate procedure to detect acid reflux is
esophageal pH and impedance monitoring.
Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring measures the
amount of acid in your esophagus while you do normal
things.
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Treatment of Acid Reflux (GER)
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Lifestylechanges
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Not eating 2 to 3 hours before bedtime
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Lose weight, if needed.
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Wear loose-fitting clothing around your abdomen..
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Stay upright for 3 hours after meals. Avoid reclining and
slouching when sitting.
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Raise the head of your bed 6 to 8 inches
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Quit smoking
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Medicines
Over-the-counter medicines such as Antacids, Maalox, or
Rolaid.
Prescribed Medicine Such as: Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix,
rabeprazole , AcipHex .
Antibiotics. Antibiotics, including erythromycin, can help your
stomach empty faster.
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Surgery
Your doctor may recommend surgery if your Acid Reflux (GER) disease symptoms don’t improve with lifestyle
changes or medicines. You’re more likely to develop
complications from surgery than from medicines
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Other Treatments
- Hypnosis, massage, and other relaxation techniques may help reduce symptoms of Acid Reflux (GER) . Stress often makes GER symptoms worse.
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Diet and Acid Reflux (GER) ? 35
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Conditions and Foods that may relieve Acid Reflux (GER) ?
- Exclusion of overeating, last meal at 2‐3 hours before sleep.
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Eating small, frequent meals instead of three large meals
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Chew your food well and relax while you eat
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Chewing gum after a meal might help.
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Foods, Juices and supplements that help
- Sauerkraut or cabbage juice, having a few teaspoons of
cabbage juice before eating.
- Apple cider vinegar, Mix 1 tbsp of apple cider vinegar with
one ounce of water about 10-20 minutes before a meal.
- Use High-quality sea salt (unprocessed salt), such as
Himalayan salt.
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Foods, Juices and supplements that help ……Cont
- Digestive enzymes: Enzymes amylase, lipase, and protease
support the breakdown of foods.
- Probiotics (25+ billion live bacteria), Choose a probiotic
with soil based microorganisms and lactobacillus strains,
which is usually present in fermented yoghurt.
- Essential Oils, Supplementing with essential oils of, ginger
and fennel. Put two drops in water as a supplemental dose
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Foods, Juices and supplements that help ……Cont
- Baking soda, One-half to one full teaspoon of baking soda
(sodium bicarbonate) in an eight-ounce glass of water.
- Aloe juice, Drink about 1/2 cup of aloe Vera juice before
meals.
- Ginger root or chamomile tea. Drink about 20 minutes or
so before your meal.
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Foods, Juices and supplements that help
- Folate or folic acid (vitamin B9) found to reduce acid
reflux by approximately 40%.
- Vitamin D, Vitamin D is important for addressing any
infectious component.
- Melatonin, have shown a positive effect on acid reflux
disease symptoms.
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Foodstobeavoided
Avoid eating or drinking the following items that may make acid reflux worse: 
Chocolate, caffeinated and carbonated beverages
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Spicy foods
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Tomatoes and tomato products
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Alcoholic drinks
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Foodstobeavoided…………Cont
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Citrus fruits
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Fried and fatty foods
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Garlic and onions
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Refined sugar and carbohydrates
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Chili dogs 
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END
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