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Transcript
The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was an order given on January 1, 1863 by Abraham Lincoln to free the slaves. Were all the slaves immediately free? No. Only about 50,000 of the 4 million slaves were immediately set free. The Emancipation Proclamation had some limitations. First, it only freed the slaves in the Confederate States that were not under Union control. There were some areas and border states where slavery was still legal, but were part of the Union. The slaves in these states were not immediately freed. For the rest of the Southern states, the slaves would not be free until the Union was able to defeat the Confederacy. However, the Emancipation Proclamation did eventually set millions of slaves free. It also made clear that in the near future all slaves should and would be set free. The Emancipation also allowed for Black men to fight in the Union Army. Around 200,000 black soldiers fought on the side of the Union Army helping the North win the war and also helping to expand the area of freedom as they marched through the South. Why did Lincoln wait until 1863? Lincoln felt like he needed a major victory in order to have the full support behind the Emancipation. If he issued the order without public support, it might fail and he wanted to be sure that it was successful and seen as a major moral victory for the North. When the Union Army turned back Robert E. Lee and the Confederates in the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862 Lincoln knew it was time. The initial announcement that the Emancipation Proclamation order was coming was given a few days later on September 22, 1862. The Thirteenth Amendment The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order. It wasn't fully law per the Constitution yet. However, it did pave the way for the Thirteenth Amendment. The advantage of the Proclamation was that it could happen quickly. The Thirteenth Amendment took a few more years to get passed by congress and implemented, but on December 6, 1865 the Thirteenth Amendment was adopted and became part of the United States Constitution. Here is the wording of the Thirteenth Amendment: Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation Other Interesting Facts The original document was five pages long. It is currently located in the National Archives in Washington D.C. The proclamation gained the Union the support of international countries such as Great Britain and France, where slavery had already been abolished. It did not free the slaves in the loyal border states. They would have to wait until the war was over. The order declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebel states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Frederick Douglass Occupation: Abolitionist, civil rights activist, and writer Born: February 1818 in Talbot County, Maryland Died: February 20, 1895 in Washington, D.C. Best known for: Former slave who became an advisor to the presidents Where did Frederick Douglass grow up? Frederick Douglass was born on a plantation in Talbot County, Maryland. HisBiography: mother was a slave and when Frederick was born, he became a slave, too. His birth name was Frederick did Frederick Bailey. He did not know who his father was or the exact date of his birth. He Where later picked Douglass grow up? February 14 to celebrate as his birthday and estimated that he was born in 1895. Frederick Douglass was Life as a Slave born on a plantation in Life as a slave was very difficult, especially for a child. At the young age of seven Frederick was Talbot County, Maryland. sent to live at the Wye House plantation. He seldom saw his mother who diedHis when he was tena slave and mother was years old. A few years later, he was sent to serve the Auld family in Baltimore. when Frederick was born, he became a slave, too. His Learning to Read birth name was Frederick Around the age of twelve, his master's wife, Sophia Auld began to teach Frederick Bailey.the Healphabet. did not know who It was against the law at that time to teach slaves to read and when Mr. Auld his found out, he father wasforbid or the exact his wife to continue teaching Douglass. However, Frederick was an intelligent young man and He later date of his birth. wanted to learn to read. Over time, he secretly taught himself to read and write by observing picked February 14 to others and watching the white children in their studies. celebrate as his birthday and estimated that he was born in 1895. Once Douglass had learned to read, he read newspapers and other articles about slavery. He began to form views on human rights and how people should be treated. He also taught other as afarm Slave slaves how to read, but this eventually got him into trouble. He was moved toLife another where he was beaten by the slave owner in an effort to break his spirit. However, this only Life as a slave was very strengthened Douglass' resolve to gain his freedom. difficult, especially for a child. At the young age of Escape to Freedom seven In 1838, Douglass carefully planned his escape. He disguised himself as a sailor andFrederick carried was sent to live atathe Wye House papers that showed he was a free black seaman. On September 3, 1838 he boarded train to the plantation. He seldom north. After 24 hours of travel, Douglass arrived in New York a free man. It was at this point that saw his mother who died when he married his first wife, Anna Murray, and took the last name Douglass. Douglas and Anna he was ten years old. A few settled down in New Bedford, Massachusetts. years later, he was sent to serve the Auld family in Abolitionist Baltimore. In Massachusetts, Douglass met with people who were against slavery. These people were called abolitionists because they wanted to "abolish" slavery. Frederick began to speak at meetings Learning to Read about his experiences as a slave. He was an excellent speaker and moved people with his story. He became famous, but this also put him in danger of being captured by his former owners. Aroundslave the age of twelve, To avoid being captured, Douglass traveled to Ireland and Britain where he continued to speak his master's wife, to Sophia people about slavery. Auld began to teach Frederick the alphabet. It was against the law at that time to teach slaves to read and when Mr. Auld found out, he forbid his wife to Author Douglass wrote down his story of slavery in an autobiography called Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. The book became a bestseller. Later, he would write two more stories of his life including My Bondage and My Freedom and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Women's Rights In addition to speaking out for the freedom of slaves, Douglass believed in the equal rights of all people. He was outspoken in his support for women's right to vote. He worked with women's rights activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and attended the first ever women's rights convention that was held at Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Civil War During the Civil War, Douglass fought for the rights of black soldiers. When the South announced that they would execute or enslave any captured black soldiers, Douglass insisted that President Lincoln respond. Eventually, Lincoln warned the Confederacy that for every Union prisoner killed, he would execute a rebel soldier. Douglass also visited with the U.S. Congress and President Lincoln insisting on equal pay and treatment of black soldiers fighting in the war. Death and Legacy Douglass died on February 20, 1895 from either a heart attack or a stroke. His legacy lives on, however, in his writings and many monuments such as the Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge and the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site. Interesting Facts about Frederick Douglass Douglass was married to his first wife Anna for 44 years before he died. They had five children. John Brown tried to get Douglass to participate in the raid on Harpers Ferry, but Douglass thought it was a bad idea. He was once nominated for Vice President of the United States by the Equal Rights Party. He worked with President Andrew Johnson on the subject of black suffrage (the right to vote). He once said that "No man can put a chain about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck."