Download Chapter 5-Auditory, Tactile, and Vestibular System

Chapter 5-Auditory, Tactile, and Vestibular System
 Sound: The Auditory Stimulus
 Amplitude is typically expressed as a ration of sound pressure measured in
decibels: Sound intensity(db) = 20 log (P1/P2)
 The Ear: Sensory Transducer
 3 primary components
1. pinnea
2. outer and middle ear
3. inner ear
 The Auditory Experience
 Loudness and Pitch
 Psychophysical Scaling
 Frequency Influence
 Masking
 Alarms
 Criteria for Alarms
1. Must be heard above the background ambient noise
2. The alarm should not be above the danger level for hearing, whenever
this condition can be avoided
3. Ideally, the alarm should not be overly startling
4. In contrast to the experience of the British pilot, the alarm should not
disrupt the processing of other signals
5. The alarm should be informative, signaling to the listener the nature of
the emergency, and ideally some indication of the appropriate action
to take.
 Designing Alarms
 Voice Alarms
 False Alarms
 The Sound Transmission Problem
 The Speech Signal
 The Speech Spectograph
 Masking Effects of Noise
 Measuring Speech Communications
 Speech Distortions
 Hearing Loss
 Noise Revisited
 Noise Remediation
 Signal Enhancement
 Noise Reduction in the Workplace
 The Source: Equipment and Tool Selection
 The Environment
 The Listener: Ear Protection
 Environmental Noise
 Is All Noise Bad?
 The Other Senses
 Touch, Tactile, and Haptic Senses
 Proprioception and Kinesthesis
 The Vestibular Senses
 Conclusion