Download Geography - Rose Hill School

Rose Hill School Geography Year 8 Geography Revision for Common Entrance 1. OS Mapwork NOTE: All map work questions will be based on a 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 Ordnance Survey Map with a key included. •
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Direction (Check carefully what the question really wants ... direction from and direction to type questions) Scale and Distance (Measure distance using a ruler or a piece of string and converting it using the scale) Symbols (Being able to use the key) Grid Reference (Using 4 and 6 figure grid references to locate and describe places on the map) Relief (Interpreting the shape of the land from contour lines) Map interpretation (Using all of the above to find out something about the type of area that is in the map. For example, 2. Global Location •
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World physical features (continents, seas and oceans, rivers, mountain ranges and peaks) UK physical features (seas and oceans, rivers, mountain ranges, hills and peaks) Countries and capitals (For a variety of countries, capitals and other major cities in the UK and on the other inhabited continents. Note that you will need to be able to locate them on a map of the world!) Latitude, longitude and time zones (You will need to know whether or not places are ahead or behind us and the main lines of latitude and longitude) 3. Physical Geography NOTE: Remember that Physical Geography is all about the Natural Environment. Plate Tectonics •
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What are tectonic plates? (You must be able to draw and describe constructive, conservative and destructive plate margins) Why do earthquakes happen? Where do earthquakes occur? How do we measure earthquakes? How do earthquakes affect people? (San Francisco Case Study) What are volcanoes? Where do volcanoes occur? How do volcanic eruptions effect people? (Mount Pinatubo Case study) Rivers •
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Weathering (You should be able to name and describe, using labelled diagrams biological, freeze-­‐
thaw (frost shattering), chemical and onion-­‐skin weathering) Remember that weathering occurs in one place while erosion involves movement!!! The water cycle (you should be able to draw and label a diagram showing the water cycle) The Drainage Basin (You should be able to draw and label a diagram showing the watershed, a confluence, a tributary, a source, the mouth and the river channel.) Rose Hill School •
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The Long Profile (Show how a river and its valley changes on it's journey from the source to the mouth. You should also be able to work out which direction a river is flowing on a map) River erosion (Make sure you understand how the river wears away the channel sides and river bed through abrasion (corrasion), attrition, hydraulic action and solution (corrosion)) River Transport (Make sure that you know the four was that the river carries it's load) Rivers run in 'V'-­‐shaped valleys (Make sure you know how these are formed.) Waterfalls (Make sure you can draw a neat, labelled diagram explaining how a waterfall erodes backwards to form a gorge) Meanders (You should be able to draw the path of the fastest flow onto a plan view of a river and use this to explain where you would expect erosion and deposition to occur. You should also be able to describe river landforms such as a river cliff and a slip-­‐off slope). Ox-­‐Bow lakes (You must be able to recognise an ox-­‐bow lake on a map and, using diagrams to help you, to explain how they are formed) Floods (You should be able to explain why floods occur and the effects that floods have upon people living near to the river. Coasts •
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Which Coastal Processes shape our coastline? How do waves cause erosion and deposition? How does longshore drift move sand along the beach? How does it create spits? How can wave erosion cause a landscape of headlands and bays? How do waves attack cliffs to form a wave-­‐cut notch and a wave-­‐cut platform? How does the sequence of caves, arches, stacks and stumps occur? Why do people use the coasts? (What conflicts can occur when different people want different things) How have people tried to protect the coast from wave attack? (What engineering strategies have been tried to protect cliffs and stop longshore drift taking all the beach away?) Name an example of a place where a coastal protection scheme is in place. Environment •
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You should know the meaning of the following terms: exploit, protect, conserve and manage What are National Parks? Why are people attracted to National Parks? What is there for tourists to do? Why does conflict occur between tourists, landowners, naturalists and environmentalists? What is sustainable development? Environmental planning case study -­‐ You can either use the Lake District national park, or the Amazon rainforest as an example. You should be able to explain how and why attempts have been made to plan and manage the environment and the effects (positive and negative) this has had on the people and place. Weather and Climate •
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Differences between weather and climate on a local and national scale, including microclimates The influence of aspect, shelter, buildings, surface and natural features in relation to microclimates The water cycle (you should be able to draw and label a diagram showing the water cycle) Types of rainfall – relief, frontal and convectional Causes of temperature and rainfall variation from place to place in the British Isles (the influence of latitude, altitude, relief, prevailing winds, distance from coast and the impact of the North Atlantic Drift) Rose Hill School 4. Economic Activities •
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What are primary, secondary and tertiary activities? (You should be able to give a definition and an example for each!) Manufacturing You must know the various factors, such as transport, raw materials, power, market and labour affect where a factory is located You should be able to use the OS map extract to answer questions about why industries are located in various areas (think transport, flat land, and all of the other factors affecting industrial location) The meaning of globalisation and transnational corporations (TNCs) The importance of industry to both MEDCs and LEDCs (including potential benefits and problems) Economic activity case study – Nike (You should be able to give reasons for the geographical distribution of Nike’s head offices, factories and shops) Economic activity case study – Toyota in the UK (You should be able to explain why this Japanese firm chose to locate in Burnatson in the UK – remember they wanted a factory in the EU so they could get around import restrictions) Along with using your exercise to revise use the ISEB revision guide that will be issued to you.