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Psychology Review 2016 The following are concepts and terms we have learned throughout the semester. Review and be familiar with each, as they could all appear on the final exam. All notes can be found on my page on Ridge Point’s website through fortbendisd.com. UNITS 1 & 2: Schools of Psychological Thought (Psychological Perspectives) o o Behavioral Perspective Naturalistic Observation Nurture vs. Nature Observable Behavior Evolutionary Perspective Genetics Experiments o Correlation & Causation o Independent Variable & Dependent Variable o Placebo Effect o Averages Mean Median Mode o Random Sample o Probability o Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Careers in Psychology Psychologists o Wilhelm Wundt – introspection o John Watson - observable behavior o Wilhelm Wundt (Germany) - inner sensations o Charles Darwin - environmentally adaptive traits UNITS 2 & 3: Development o Cognitive, Language, Emotional, and Perceptual Development Stimulus Attachment vs Imprinting o Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s ideas on development Nature vs Nurture Senses and Perception o Sight (Visual) The process of seeing Rods and cones Optic nerve o o o o o o o Blind spot Electromagnetic spectrum Sound (Auditory) Parts of the ear How we hear Types of deafness and causes Smell (Olfactory) Taste (Gustatory) What taste buds are really called The parts of the tongue Touch (Somatosensory) Vestibular Sense Kinesthetic Sense Sensory Adaptation UNIT 4: Thinking o Irrational Thinking o Creative Thinking Problem Solving o Algorithm o Heuristics Language o Linguistics o Language Development Critical period Stages for Infants Animals ability to learn to communicate o Cultural differences o Structure of Language Phonemes Morphemes Syntax Semantics Senses working together Theories of Motivation o Motive o Incentive Theory Drive Incentive o Drive-Reduction Theory o Cognitive Theory Intrinsic Extrinsic o Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Fundamental Needs Physiological Needs Safety Needs Psychosocial Needs Self-Actualization Needs Emotions o o o o o Universal expressions James-Lange Theory Facial Feedback Theory Cannon-Bard Theory Schachter-Singer Theory UNITS 5-7: Personality o Humanistic Theories Maslow Rogers o Cognitive Theories Kelly Beck Seligman Epstein o Sociocultural Theories o Trait Theories Allport Cardinal Central Secondary Cattell The ‘big five’ traits Eysenck Conditioning o Classical Pavlov Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimulus and Response Acquisition Generalization Discrimination Extinction Emotional Responses Taste Aversions Behaviorism o Operant Reinforcement Positive or Negative Primary or Secondary Partial Shaping Chaining Aversive Control Punishment o Social Learning Cognitive Learning Latent Learning Learned Helplessness Modeling Mimicry Observational Learning Disinhibition Behavior Modification Consciousness o Sleep Stages o Dreams Purpose o Daydreaming o Hypnosis o Biofeedback o Meditation o Drugs Types Effects Addiction UNITS 8 & 9: Adolescence o Cognitive Development o Personal Development o Social Development o Difficulties o Parent-Child Relationships Adulthood o Continuing Education o Work o Physical and Cognitive Changes o Social and Personality Development o Aging Gender o Roles o Differences o Parenting Styles Psychological Disorders o Identification o Schizophrenia o Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder o Somatoform Disorders Conversion Disorders Hypochondriasis o Anxiety Disorders o o Phobias Panic Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Disorder Asperger’s Syndrome Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorder