Download File - Mr. Holmes Wonderful World of History

SSWH18
The student will demonstrate an understanding
of the global political, economic, and social
impact of WWII.
Treaty of Versailles- Germans saw as unfair
Reparations
War-Guilt Clause
Military Restrictions
Loss of Territory
Loss of Colonies
Great Depression
Aggression (Italy, Germany, Japan)
LONG-TERM CAUSES:
SHORT-TERM CAUSE:
•
Aug. 1939: Non-Aggression Pact
(Germany & Soviet Union)
•
Blitzkrieg (lightening war) to subdue
Poland
•
Sept. 01, 1939: Began with the invasion
of Poland by Hitler
•
Sept. 03, 1939: Britain & France declared
war on Germany
•
World War II: 1939-1945
ALLIES:
AXIS:
GREAT BRITAIN
GERMANY
FRANCE
ITALY
SOVIET UNION (switched)
JAPAN
UNITED STATES
CANADA
POLAND
CHINA
ALLIANCES:
EUROPEAN THEATER:
PACIFIC THEATER:
Fighting was primarily landbased
Fighting was primarily at sea
Large scale bombing raids
Island hopping & island
invasions
More countries involved
More up-close fighting
German soldiers tended to
surrender when defeat was
apparent
Japanese land soldiers &
Kamikaze pilots would fight to
the death
TWO LOCATIONS:
December 07, 1941
surprise attack by the Japanese on US naval base in
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (USA)
US stood in the way of a Pacific empire in Asia
ended US neutrality, brought US into war
MAJOR BATTLES:
PEARL HARBOR
1st Battle: July 1942
2nd Battle: October-November 1942
Located in Egypt
Allied Powers stopped the advancing Axis Powers, driving them
back to Tunisia
Decisive battle that lead to German surrender in North Africa in
May 1943
MAJOR BATTLES:
EL-ALAMEIN
Hitler breaks Non-Aggression Pact; invades Soviet
Union (June 1941)
major turning point in war on Eastern front
one of the costliest battles in WWII
Germans unable to deal with winter in Russia
Germans get trapped in city with no food or
ammunition
Jan. 1943: German commander surrenders
MAJOR BATTLES:
STALINGRAD
June 06, 1944
major turning point on Western Front; opened a second front in
Europe
largest amphibious attack in history
Allies attack on the beaches of Normandy, France
Pages 946-947
MAJOR BATTLES:
D-DAY
August 07, 1942
Americans v. Japanese
Located on the Solomon Islands, near Australia
Took the Americans 6 months to cpature the island
Allied victory allowed Australia to be protected & a safe sea
route between US & Australia
Part of island-hopping
MAJOR BATTLES:
GUADALCANAL
June 19-20, 1944
America v. Japan
Naval battle for control of the Philippine Islands
Allied victory that helped to destroy Japanese planes
MAJOR BATTLES:
THE PHILIPPINES
Racism, especially Anti-Semitism &
Anti-Slavism
Belief in the superiority of the white,
Aryan race (Social Darwinism)
Euthanasia & Eugenics
Inventing common enemies: Jews,
gypsies, homosexuals, disabled
Belief in exterminating all inferior
races
NAZI IDEOLOGY:
Jews were first sent to ghettos, then concentration camps (work
camps)
Wannsee Conference: Jan. 20, 1942; decision of the genocide of
all European Jews
Death camps were built & “undersirables” were sent there with
efficient methods for killing men, women, & children
THE FINAL SOLUTION:
The Nazi massacre of over 6 million
Jews & over 6 million other people
Prisoners heads were shaved, they
were stripped, women & children
were separated from men
Young, elderly, & sick were killed
immediately
Gas chambers, shootings, &
crematoriums used
Medical experiments common
THE HOLOCAUST:
The Holocaust is a reminder of the
horrors of racism and intolerance
DR. JOSEPH MENGEL
First they came for the Jews
And I did not speak outBecause I was not a Jew.
Then they came for the
Communists and I did not
Speak out-because I was
Not a communist.
Then they came for the trade
Unionists and I did not speak
Out-because I was not
A trade unionist.
Then they came for meAnd there was no one left to
Speak out for me.
-Pastor Niemoeller
French, British, & Americans advanced through France
(west)
Soviets advanced through Germany (east) heading
towards Berlin
Hitler began to lose support
April 1945 Soviet troops and American troops met at
the Elbe River & shook hands; war ends
Germany surrenders May 07, 1945
V-E Day (May 08, 1945)
EUROPEAN THEATER:
Manhattan Project: name given to the atomic bomb
creation project
President Harry Truman decides to drop bombs to
save American lives
US dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan
1. Hiroshima (90,000-160,000 died)
2. Nagaski (60,000-80,000 died)
August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders (V-J Day)
Introduced a new type of war: nuclear
PACIFIC THEATER:
Germany- 3 million combat deaths
(3/4ths on the eastern front)
Japan – over 1.5 combat deaths;
900,000 civilians dead
Soviet Union - 13 million combat
deaths
U.S. – 300,000 combat deaths, over
100,000 other deaths
COST OF WAR:
TEHRAN:
YALTA:
Location: Iran, 1943
Lcoation: Soviet Union (Feb. 1945)
Distrust among the Allies
Stalin wanted to control Eastern
Europe, Churchill & Roosevelt
wanted self-determination (choose
own government)
Churchill & Roosevelt agreed to
allow the borders under the NaziSoviet Pact stand (Poland)
Stalin asks for a two-front war to be
opened up, Churchhill & Roosevelt
say they don’t have resouces, Stalin
angry
Soviet Union would help fight Japan
Germany would be divided into 4
zones (US, France, GB, USSR)
Stalin agreed to hold free elections
in Eastern Europe
THE BIG THREE:
STALIN, CHURCHILL, & ROOSEVELT
Location: Germany (July 16-Aug
02, 1945)
Harry Truman represented US
Purpose was how to punish Nazi
Germany
Other goals included post-war
order, peace treaty issues, &
countering effects of the war
Demilitarization in Japan and
Germany
Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders
charged with “Crimes against
Humanity”
POTSDAM CONFERENCE:
April 1945: delegates from 50 nations met in
San Francisco to create UN
5 permanent members: US, Soviet Union,
Britain, France, & China
Prevents outbreak of diseases, helps
education, protects refugees, & helps nations
develop economically
UNITED NATIONS:
Causes of tension in Europe:
Marshall Plan:
*governments in Eastern Europe
Aid package offered by US to
send food & aid to Europe to
help countries rebuild
*conflicting ideologies
(communism v. democracy)
Helped Europe recover rapidly
(billions of dollars)
*mutual distrust
Truman also offered it to USSR &
Eastern Europe, Stalin declined
& forbade any country from
accepting it
*German reparations
Led to Cold War (US v. USSR)
POST-WAR POLICIES:
Emperor lost all political power
Established a parliamentary
democracy
Education system opened to all
people
Legal equality for women
Rebuilt cities & economy
Began huge trading relationship
with US
MACARTHUR'S PLAN FOR JAPAN: