Download Unit II Northwest Ordinance

Unit II Review Sheet
VI. SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and
the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation.
1. Northwest Ordinance: After 60,000 people move into a territory, the territory can
apply to become a state on equal footing as every other state. Northwest
Ordinance banned slavery in the Northwest (Ohio/Illinois area).
2. Public Education: Began in Massachusetts by Horace Man. Public education
spread slower in the South because the young males were expected to work the
fields. Public education intended to educate males to make them more informed
voting citizens.
3. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency: He was a strict constitutionalist (meaning that if
it was not written word for word in the U.S. Constitution then the government
could not do it). He is going to modify his strict constitutionalism when he
purchases the Louisiana territory from France.
4. Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France. It
more than doubled the size of the U.S.
a. U.S. Bought the territory to keep us from becoming allies with Britain and
to keep the French out of North America.
b. The French sold the territory to the U.S. to help fund a war in Europe and
to keep the U.S. from becoming allies with Britain.
5. Lewis and Clark: Went on an expedition to locate find the Northwest Passage.
The Northwest Passage is a body of water that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific Ocean. They failed to find the water passage, but they did map out and
explore the new land.
6. The War of 1812: Began because the British were seizing U.S. citizens and U.S.
boats and forcing them to serve the British military. The War of 1812 is known as
the second Revolution. Andrew Jackson received popular notoriety for his victory
at the Battle of New Orleans. The War of 1812 ended in a draw, but the U.S.
thought they won the war because they saw the battle of New Orleans then the
treaty that ended the war. What actually happened was the signing of the treaty
then that Battle of New Orleans. Word traveled slowly so the U.S. thought they
won. The war caused nationalism to spread (pride in one’s nation).
7. The Erie Canal: A manmade water passage that connected the West to New York
City. It caused the population to grow in the West. From New York City, goods
were traded to the world. The Erie Canal caused New York City to become a
center for U.S. trade (it helps NYC to become a super city).
8. Monroe Doctrine: Stated that colonization of North and South America are off
limits to European Colonization. If a country tries to colonize North or South
America then the U.S. would declare war on that country. The U.S. was trying to
protect its interest (goods) in Latin America.
VII. SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and
national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.
1. Industrial Revolution: The rise of industry. The U.S. began manufacturing goods.
2. Eli Whitney: Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts.
a. Cotton Gin: a machine that pulled the seeds away from the cotton quickly.
It greatly impacted the South. Cotton becomes the major cash crop. The
demand for slavery increased in the South because cotton growers wanted
more people to pick the cotton.
b. Interchangeable Parts: made an interchangeable part for a gun. If one piece
of the gun messed up, the owner could go and purchase just that one piece
instead of having to purchase the entire weapon. It reduced replacement
cost and it began to spread to industry.
3. Manifest Destiny: Belief that God wanted the U.S. to control all of North America
from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
4. Temperance: The reform movement that urged people to drink alcohol in
moderation (just a little at a time).
5. Abolitionism: The call for the ending of slavery. Abolitionists called slavery cruel
and evil.
6. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: A female who spoke at the Seneca Falls Conference who
gave a speech about women suffrage (the right to vote).
7. Jacksonian Democracy: The time period that Andrew Jackson was in power.
During Jacksonian Democracy the right to vote spread to all white males.
VIII. SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south
divisions and westward expansion.
1. Sectionalism: The geographical split of the nation based on political decisions.
The North and the South split over the issue of slavery.
2. Nat Turner Rebellion: Nat Turner was an enslaved preacher who led a slave
rebellion. He believed God wanted him to lead the rebellion in order to end slaver.
The rebellion was put down and Nat Turner and other slaves were killed for the
rebellion.
3. Famous Abolitionists
a. William Lloyd Garrison: A white man. He created the newspaper called
the Liberator where he spoke out against slavery. He called slavery evil,
and he wanted it to end immediately.
b. Fredrick Douglas: An escaped slave who became a voice for the end of
slavery.
c. The Grimke Sisters: Two sisters from the South who became abolitionists.
They moved up North and spoke out against slavery.
4. Missouri Compromise: It allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and
Maine to enter the Union as a free state. It also created the Missouri Compromise
Line (36, 30 Line). This line allowed slavery below the line and it banned slavery
above the line. It eased sectional tensions for a short time.
5. Nullification Crisis: The Federal Government passed a tariff that South Carolina
did not like. South Carolina believed that the States could declare a law null and
void if the State thought it was hurtful. John C. Calhoun (Andrew Jackson’s Vice
President from South Carolina), agreed with South Carolina. John C. Calhoun
said the States had a right to declare a law null and void. He became a spokesman
for “State’s Rights”.
6. War with Mexico: The U.S. annexed Texas which angered the Mexicans. The
U.S. instigates a war with Mexico. The U.S. wins. Mexico grants a lot of land in
the West (California, New Mexico, Nevada, Colorado, and etc.). Manifest Destiny
is completed because now the U.S. controls land from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific.
7. Wilmot Proviso: This was never voted on in the Senate because it was too
divisive. It stated that the land acquired by the Mexican War would be off limits
to slavery.
8. Compromise of 1850: Created by Henry Clay. It allowed California to enter the
Union as a free state, created the fugitive slave act, and set Texas’ border in favor
of Texas. It helped to hold the Union together for 10 more years.
IX. SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the
causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
1. Kansas-Nebraska Act: It created to states Kansas and Nebraska. Nebraska would
enter the Union as a free state and Kansas would be left up to popular sovereignty
(this is where the people who lived in a state could vote for either a free state or
slave state). Slave owners entered Kansas and voted illegally which led to
Bleeding Kansas.
2. Bleeding Kansas: A territorial civil war that left 200 killed and a lot of money in
damages.
3. Dred Scott Case: A court case where a slave man sued for his freedom. He said
that he was brought to a free territory so therefore he was free. The Supreme
Court said that if he entered the free territory as a slave then he is still a slave. The
Supreme Court also said black people were not citizens so they could not sue in
the court system.
4. John Brown’s Raid: A white man who claimed to hear the voice of God. He said
God wanted him to lead a slave rebellion to end slavery. The raid was put down
and he and others were killed.
5. Abraham Lincoln: When Lincoln was elected president, Southern states began to
leave the Union. They feared that Lincoln would end slavery. He said he would
not end slavery, but they did not believe him. After battle of Antietam, Lincoln
issued the Emancipation Proclamation which ended slaves in the rebelling states.
At the Gettysburg Address, he honored the dead and made the war about freeing
slaves. During the war, Lincoln suspended the Writ of Habeas Corpus because
people in the North were causing an uproar about conscription (the selective
service/draft).
6. Key People of the Civil War
a. The Confederacy (The South)
i. Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy
ii. Robert E. Lee: The best general of the War. He was against
succession, but when his home state of Virginia left the Union he
did too.
iii. “Stonewall” Jackson: Killed by friendly fire. He was a great leader
b. The Union (The North)
i. Abraham Lincoln: President of the Union
ii. Ulysses S. Grant: general who defeated Lee’s forces. Lee
surrendered to Grant at Appomatics Court House.
iii. William T. Sherman: Military leader of the North who burned
from Atlanta to Savannah.
7. Key Battles of the Civil War
a. Fort Sumter: The 1st battle of the Civil War. The South won this battle.
b. Antietam: Ended in a draw, but the South left the area. After this battle,
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (ended slavery in the States
that rebelled).
c. Vicksburg: The Union won. The besieged Vicksburg and the South
surrendered. The Union gained control of the Mississippi river cutting the
Confederacy in half.
d. Gettysburg: The Union won. It proved to France and Britain that the
Confederacy could not win the Civil War. Lincoln issued the Gettysburg
address which honored the dead and spoke about helping end slavery.
e. The Battle for Atlanta: The Union won. Sherman besieged and burnt
Atlanta. After Atlanta, Sherman burned a trail to Savannah.
8. North and South Differences
a. The North
i. Larger population
ii. More industry
iii. More resources
iv. Better armed
v. Better railroad system
b. The South
i. Better generals
ii. Fought in the South
X. SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of
Reconstruction.
1. Reconstruction: The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War.
2. Presidential Reconstruction: Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson’s
reconstruction plans. It was deemed to be too lenient.
3. Radical Republican Reconstruction. Congress’ reconstruction plan. It was deemed
to be too harsh on the South. It wanted to allow the newly freed slaves to vote,
keep the Democrats from gaining power in the South, and make the Republican
Party a strong party in the South.
4. Land Redistribution: Under military control, man Southerners had their land taken
from them and it was given to freed slaves. Eventually, the land ended up back
into the hands of the former owners and the freed slaves lived lives much like
they had during slavery.
5. Morehouse College: a college for African Americans. It taught religious courses
and education. Morehouse created in Atlanta, Georgia.
6. Freedman’s Bureau: It helped newly freed slaves adjust to their freedom. It
provided food, education, and legal protection.
7. 13th Amendment: Ended Slavery everywhere in the U.S. In order for States to
reenter the Union, they had to ratify the 13th Amendment.
8. 14th Amendment: Granted citizenship to African Americans.
9. 15th Amendment: Granted the right to vote to African Americans.
10. Black Codes: Laws in the South that were much like slave codes. They were
created to control the lives of African Americans.
11. The Ku Klux Klan: A domestic terrorist group created to help the Democrats
regain power in the South, keep the power in the hands of the white, and to
control the lives of African Americans through fear and terror.
12. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson: First president to be impeached. Impeached
because he violated Congress’ Tenure of Office Act (Johnson fired someone).
Congress was looking for a way to kick him out of office so they could put into
place their reconstruction plans. Johnson missed being kicked out of office by one
vote.