Download Thinking Geographically 2013

9/25/2013
Hard Questions
In
a globalized world, connections are
many, yet simple answers are few.
Thinking
Geographically
Why do poor
farmers in Kenya
grow coffee and
tea when they
could grow food
to feed the
hungry?
Hard Questions
Hard Questions
So
Vast
much food! Why so many hungry?
wealth! Why so many poor?
Hard Questions
Hard Questions
Tons
How
of land! Only grow food where?
to balance tensions caused by:
Globalization: circumstances placing
people into greater interaction with each
other
Local Diversity: people searching for more
ways to express their unique traditions &
practices
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Globalization
Local Diversity
Vanilla Chai Tea
Iced Frappé
~Canada~
McPatatas
~Mexico~
Let’s take a
moment &
imagine…
Bulgogi Burger
~South Korea~
McFloats
~Japan~
Benedict Bagel
~New Zealand~
McSpicy Paneer
~India~
Spinach & Parmesan
Cheese Nuggets
~Italy~
Chicken Baguette
~France~
Cheese Empanadas
~Chile~
Geography!!!
Answering Hard Questions?
Scientific
Historians:
study of the location of people
& activities across Earth, & the reasons for
their distribution.
Coined
by Greek scholar Eratosthenes
“geo”
= “earth”
“graphy” = “to write”
“why of when?”—TIME
Logical sequence of human activities
Action
at one time can result from past
actions & can affect future ones
Geographers:
“why of where?”—SPACE
Logical arrangement of human activities
Action
at one place result from an action at
another place & can affect conditions at
other places
Answering Hard Questions?
Answering Hard Questions?
Physical
Examples
Geography seeks ask/answer
those questions about the natural
environment
Human Geography seeks to ask/answer
those questions about the human made
places & the people found on Earth’s
surface
Both implore a spatial perspective
of spatial perspective questions:
Why
& how do things come together in
certain places to product certain outcomes?
Why are some things found in certain places
& not in others?
How do the characteristics of particular
places shape what happens?
To what extent do things in one place
influence those in other places?
Why do differences across space matter?
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Five Themes of Geography
Movement
Where on earth is the space?
relative or absolute, address,
latitude/longitude
Five Themes of Geography:
Location
Absolute
Location:
Location
Region
Place
Interaction
Five Themes of Geography:
Location
Five Themes of Geography:
Location
Absolute
Relative Location
Location:
Southmoore High
White House
2901 S. Santa Fe Ave.
Moore, OK 73160
1600 Pennsylvania Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20500
35º18’39.79”N
97º30’53.12”W
38º53’52.22”N
77º2’11.44”W
Five Themes of Geography
Movement
Where on earth is the space?
relative or absolute, address,
latitude/longitude
Location
Oklahoma is in the middle of the United
States
Oakridge Elementary is just south of
Southmoore High School
New Orleans is on the Mississippi River near
Lake Pontchartrain
Java is just east of Sumatra
Five Themes of Geography:
Place
Toponym:
World’s longest is in Wales, UK:
USA’s longest is in Webster, Massachusetts:
Where are this space’s
characteristics?
Place land features, climate,
culture, language,
religion, landmarks
Region
a place’s “name”
Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllamtysiliogogogoch
Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg
Interaction
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Five Themes of Geography :
Place
Five Themes of Geography :
Place
Sense
Site:
of Place
Placelessness
Uniqueness; feels
“like home”
Commonness; just
like everywhere
else
physical character of a place
Climate,
water sources, topography,
soil, vegetation, elevation, etc.
But can, at times, be modified by
humans
Five Themes of Geography :
Place
Levittown, NY (or PA or ???)
Bourbon St., New Orleans, LA
Five Themes of Geography
Movement
Where on earth is the space?
relative or absolute, address,
latitude/longitude
Location
Where are this space’s
characteristics?
Region
Place land features, climate,
culture, language,
religion, landmarks
Interaction
What is the relationship between the space’s people & environment?
adaptation, modifications, reliance upon
Five Themes of Geography :
Interaction
Five Themes of Geography :
Interaction
Cultural
Cultural
Landscape:
Visible imprint of human activity upon a
space giving it a particular form
“… the forms
superimposed on the
physical landscape
by the activities of
man …”
Landscape & ensuing debate:
Environmental
Determinism
Possibilism
Nile River Valley, Egypt
Dikes, North Sea & Netherlands
“Culture is the
agent, the natural
landscape is the
medium, the cultural
landscape is the
result.”
~Carl Sauer~
UC Berkeley geography professor
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Five Themes of Geography :
Interaction
Five Themes of Geography :
Interaction
Sequent
Sequent
Occupance:
Coined by Derwent Whittlesey to identify
cultural landscape “imprints” made over
time at same place (sometimes layered)
Occupance:
For example: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
East Africans → Arabs (1866) → Germans (1891) → British (end of WWI) →
migrants from British India → East African independence (1961)
Mosque in Dar es Salaam
Five Themes of Geography
Movement
Mosque in Muscat, Oman
Five Themes of Geography :
Region
Where on earth is the space?
relative or absolute, address,
latitude/longitude
Location
What common
characteristics does this
space share with others,
especially nearby? Region
political, agricultural,
religious, cultural
Where are this space’s
characteristics?
Place land features, climate,
culture, language,
religion, landmarks
Interaction
What is the relationship between the space’s people & environment?
adaptation, modifications, reliance upon
Five Themes of Geography :
Region
Five Themes of Geography :
Region
Formal
Functional
Region (uniform or homogenous):
area in which all, or significant majority, of
people share a common characteristic
Region (nodal):
area organized around a central focal
point as “the characteristic”
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Five Themes of Geography :
Region
Five Themes of Geography :
Region
Perceptual
Perceptual
Region (vernacular):
Region (vernacular):
area that people “believe” exists as part of
a perceived identity
What is the most
well known brand
name which
originates in each
U.S. state?
When you think of
the region called
“the South”, what
areas do you
imagine?
Five Themes of Geography :
Region
Perceptual
Region (vernacular):
What word do
you most often
use to describe a
carbonated
beverage?
Five Themes of Geography
How is this space linked with
other spaces?
roadways, airports,
telecommunications Movement
Where on earth is the space?
relative or absolute, address,
latitude/longitude
Location
What common
characteristics does this
space share with others,
especially nearby? Region
political, agricultural,
religious, cultural
Where are this space’s
characteristics?
Place land features, climate,
culture, language,
religion, landmarks
Interaction
What is the relationship between the space’s people & environment?
adaptation, modifications, reliance upon
Five Themes of Geography :
Movement
Five Themes of Geography:
Movement
Individual
attributes (trait) of culture
develop at a hub (hearth)
Cultural diffusion occurs when such traits
move or disseminate across space.
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Five Themes of Geography:
Movement
Five Themes of Geography:
Movement
Relocation Diffusion:
Expansion
spread of traits/ideas
through physical movement of people.
Diffusion: an idea spread from
a hearth, but remains strong there too
Contagious Diffusion: nearly all adjacent
individuals & places are influenced
Five Themes of Geography:
Movement
Five Themes of Geography:
Movement
Expansion
Expansion
Diffusion: an idea spread from
a hearth, but remains strong there too
Hierarchial Diffusion: spread of a feature or
trend from one key node to another
Five Themes of Geography
Movement
Location
Diffusion: an idea spread from
a hearth, but remains strong there too
Stimulus Diffusion: occurs when a change is
made for (or by) the receiving population
Five Themes of Geography
Movement
Example:
Region
Example:
Place
Interaction
Location
Region
Place
Interaction
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Informational Sources:
Image Credits:
Fouberg, Erin H., Alexander B. Murphy, and H.J. de Blij.
Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture. 10th ed.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
Knox, Paul L. and Sallie A. Marston. Human Geography:
Places and Regions in Global Context. 4th ed. Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007.
Malinowski, Jon C. and David H. Kaplan. Human
Geography. 1st ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 2013.
Rubenstein, James M. Contemporary Human Geography.
1st ed. New York, NY: Prentice Hall, 2010.
Rubenstein, James M. The Cultural Landscape: An
Introduction into Human Geography. 11th ed. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2014.
Image Credits 2:
Boston: Rubenstein James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 11th Ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014.
CD-ROM.
Denver Tunnel: http://www.luckymountainhome.com/images/109_0984_000.JPG
New York: Rubenstein James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 9th Ed. Boston: Pearson, 2008.
CD-ROM.
Bourbon Street: http://blog.47brand.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Bourbon-Street.jpg
Levittown: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/10/12/nyregion/12levittown.CA01.jpg
Brazil Rainforest: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Travel/Pix/pictures/2008/11/14/JunglePaulASoudersCOrb4.jpg
DMZ—North Korea: http://cdn.totorotimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/north-korea-dmz.jpg
DMZ—South Korea: http://matthewniederhauser.com/research/wpcontent/uploads/2010/09/20100506_north_korea_dmz_war02.jpg
Myriad Gardens Oklahoma City: http://www.ruppertlandscape.com/images/Myriad-Gardens.jpg
Swiss Alps: http://www.destination360.com/europe/switzerland/images/s/swiss-alps.jpg
Sydney Opera House: http://d16outft0soac8.cloudfront.net/uploadedImages/About_Us/Photo_Gallery/Ext_PinkDawn_M.jpg
Carl Sauer: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-waoOEmVAz1k/UWScw4iBWKI/AAAAAAAAAps/3bGtIo2coVg/s320/Sauer++Morphology+of+Landscape.jpg
Nile River: http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/50041000/jpg/_50041311_space2.jpg
Dike Netherlands: http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/images/108/netherlands_dikes_floods_432.jpg
Athens: http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1597/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1597-1859.jpg
Beijing: http://forbiddencitybeijing.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/beijing-forbidden-city.jpg
Cairo: http://cdn.media.kiwicollection.com/media/property/PR003488/xl/003488-05-city-view-pyramids.jpg
Dar es Salaam: http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7152/6840865629_4dda3554ba_o.jpg
Muscat: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6OZipAT_tX8/TlvKV1u8AYI/AAAAAAAAAdY/8_Ua4kVr4Fc/s400/d1-doha-muscat-zayedgrand-mosque-ad-13%2Boman.jpg
World Regions Maps: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap-human-geography-coursedescription.pdf
Africa: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Africa_map_regions.svg
Corn Belt: http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/geog105/study/images/CornBelt.gif
Georgia TV Stations: http://www.gpb.org/sites/all/themes/ninesixty/base/images/television/tv_coverage_map.jpg
NFL Map: http://img.gawkerassets.com/post/11/2012/12/nfl_dist-01.png
Pizza Delivery: http://junkbrosnews.com/Jan05/pizza-war-map.gif
Famous Brands: http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/18rvle9r0gbn0jpg/k-bigpic.jpg
Definitions of South: Rubenstein James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 9th Ed. Boston:
Pearson, 2008. CD-ROM.
Airline Map: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/160/336643863_5cc4f5c4ce.jpg
Kenya Coffee Beans:
http://s3.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20100106&t=2&i=41589067&w=460&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&r=2010-0106T084937Z_01_AJOE6050OIR00_RTROPTP_0_OZABS-KENYA-COFFEE-20100106
Kenya Tea Plantation: http://static0.demotix.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/a_scale_large/300-1/photos/1290531433tea-production-high-in-kenya_326481.jpg
Starbucks Coffee: http://blogs-images.forbes.com/mindylubber/files/2011/09/starbucks-coffee-cup.jpg
McAlister’s Tea: http://cdn.frugalcouponliving.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/mcalisters-deli-free-tea.jpg
Map-Undernourished: Rubenstein James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 11th Ed. Boston:
Pearson, 2014. CD-ROM.
Map-GNI per capita: Rubenstein James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. 11th Ed. Boston:
Pearson, 2014. CD-ROM.
Map-Agriculture Zones: Arable Land: Rubenstein James M. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography.
11th Ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. CD-ROM.
Apple: http://cdn.redmondpie.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/apple-logo.jpg
British Petroleum: http://evergreen.loyola.edu/sscalenghe/www/images/BP.jpg
Coca Cola: http://www.krystalgrant.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/coca-cola-logo.jpg
Daewoo: http://car-logos.50webs.com/logo/daewoo/daewoo1.jpg
Ford: http://images.wikia.com/automobile/images/e/ea/Ford_logo.jpg
Hard Rock Café: http://fontmeme.com/images/Hard-Rock-Cafe-Logo.jpg
IKEA: http://www.globalinternships.se/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ikea-logo.jpg
KFC:
http://i2.cdn.turner.com/money/galleries/2009/fortune/0906/gallery.dumbest_moments_midyear2009.fortune/images/kfc_logo
.jpg
McDonald’s: http://www.mamas-spot.com/image.axd?picture=2013%2F5%2Fmcdonalds-logo.gif
Microsoft: http://blog.parcel2go.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/new-microsoft-logo-square-large.jpg
Starbucks: http://bizcolostate.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/starbucks-coffee-logo.gif
Sony: http://www.blissdomconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Sony_logo_white.jpg
Versace: http://www.huntlogo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/versace-logo-818x1024.jpg
McDonald’s international foods: http://www.seriouseats.com/2013/08/international-mcdonalds-items-we-wish-were-in-theusa.html
Coordinate Map: http://cnx.org/content/m22761/latest/Picture%201.png
Southmoore: http://www.oilcapitalelectric.com/images/South-Moore-High-School.jpg
White House: http://phototourismdc.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/white-house-clouds-hdr-wallpaper.jpg
Lake Charg Shirt:http://www.oldewebster.com/upload/cart/greykidt.jpg
Llanfair Shirt: http://ih2.redbubble.net/image.13475967.1200/fig,white,mens,ffffff.jpg
Image Credits 3:
Camels Beijing: http://www.inquit.com/images/uploads/BactriansInBeijing.jpg
Horse and Buggy: http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/americanhistory/secondary/lessons/lessons_std01/fitch_s_img1.jpg
Internet/Networking: http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/files/2013/02/social-world.png
Interstate Sign: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/I-35SOUTH_I44WEST_Oklahoma_City_Downtown_EXIT_3_4ths_MILE.png
Oil Trade Map: http://www.cited.org/library/site/images/feature/Figure4.GIF
Hearth Map: http://www.historyappreciation.com/uploads/1/2/7/8/12782323/3425332_orig.gif?1
Asian District: http://cdn2.newsok.biz/cache/w620-0a27a6d006deaf24a400b393e5dcd80a.jpg
Capital Hill in OKC: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6b/Futbol_storefront_in_Capitol_Hill,_Oklahoma_City.jpg
Chinatown: http://www.katonahmuseum.org/gedownload!/chinatown-manhattan-nyc.jpg?item_id=1575849
Lindsborg, Kansas: http://www.lasr.net/images/city/main_img/KS0109019.jpg
Little Italy Map: http://cultureweekend.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/little-italy-nyc-map.jpg
Relocation Diffusion: http://griots.tripod.com/vista/diffusion_dispersal.jpg\
Contagious & Hierarchial Diffusion: http://www.grossmont.edu/scotttherkalsen/cultural/lectures/1/img29.jpg
Big Mac: http://www.mcdonalds.com/content/dam/McDonalds/item/mcdonalds-Big-Mac.png
Maharaja Mac: http://www.mcdonaldsindia.com/images/menu/core-menu/chicken-maharaja-mac.png
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