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The atmosphere The earth is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere. The ozone layer is in the stratosphere. Ozone is the gas that protects Earth from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. Air pressure is the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth. A Barometer measures the air pressure. It is the amount of water in the atmosphere. The hygrometer measures humidity. Humidity is the amount of water in the air. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. Air mass is a large body of air that has a similar temperature and moisture . When air masses move, they come into contact with other air masses. The border between one air mass and another is called a front. Wind results from air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Wind is the movement of air. Anemometer measures the speed of wind. A local winds, a wind that results from a local difference in temperature. Local winds often occur on lakeshores or seashores.