Download Introduction to the modern model.notebook

Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
Oct 25­9:18 PM
The Atom ­ Lets kick it old­school...
John Dalton
All matter is composed of very small things which he called atoms.
Electrons and the nucleus were unknown. Sep 2­7:50 PM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
J.J. Thomson
March 10, 2015
uPlum Pudding
Sep 2­7:58 PM
Neils Bohr
But I was wrong! They‛re more
like bees around a hive.
Neils Bohr
Oct 25­9:17 PM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
Now that we got a little bit smarter ;)
Quantum Mechanical
Model of the Atom
Erwin Schrödinger developed a mathematical treatment
into which both the wave and particle nature of matter
could be incorporated.
Mathematical laws can identify the regions
outside of the nucleus where electrons are
most likely to be found.
These are principle energy levels which are
assigned numbers.
Oct 25­9:18 PM
Characteristics of the model:
• the atom has no definite shape and there is no precise orbit
• electrons are now thought to be located on PRINCIPAL ENERGY LEVELS which are assigned numbers
• Each energy level is divided into ENERGY SUBLEVELS • Each energy sublevel corresponds to an ATOMIC ORBITAL (often referred to as a cloud)
Jan 29­10:12 AM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
Quantum Mechanical Model
First Quantum Number
n
represents the principle energy level
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2
3
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Oct 25­10:01 PM
Generally symbolized
by n, it denotes the
probable distance of
the electron from the
nucleus. “n” is also
known as the Principle
Quantum number or
principle energy level
number.
Oct 25­9:21 PM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
An ATOMIC ORBITAL is a region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
s ­ orbitals are sphere shaped ­ always have 1
p ­ orbitals are dumbbell shaped ­ always have 3
d ­ complex shapes ­ always have 5
f ­ complex shapes ­ always have 7
Jan 29­10:23 AM
Sep 2­8:17 PM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
The ways in which electrons are arranged around the nuclei of atoms are called ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS. The rules that govern the way the electrons fill the atomic orbitals are:
1. AUFBAU PRINCIPLE ­ electrons enter orbitals of the lowest energy levels first
2. PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE ­ an atomic orbital may hold at most two electrons. Each must have an opposite spin.
3. HUND’S RULE ­ when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins before filling the orbitals with opposite spins.
Jan 29­10:23 AM
Sep 2­8:23 PM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
Examples : Jan 29­10:10 AM
Noble Gas Configuration: ­ Find the noble gas that's closest to the your element but NOT larger! ­ Replace and complete. Jan 29­10:10 AM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
Aufbau Ex : Ar (18)
Sep 2­8:18 PM
Electron configuration: Ar : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Noble Gas Notation : [Ar]
Sep 2­8:26 PM
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Introduction to the modern model.notebook
March 10, 2015
Sep 3­2:28 PM
Ion Charges
Sep 8­10:57 AM
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