Download Look After Your Heart

look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template
Introduction
Look after your heart is a science resource for 7-11 year olds focusing on the heart,
healthy lifestyle choices and preventing heart disease.
There are 13 black and white Teacher’s Templates in separate pdfs so that they can be
downloaded individually. Use these templates in conjunction with:
Teacher’s Notes, also a downloadable pdf.
G31 Look after your heart workbook. You can order this full colour workbook for every
pupil in the class by phoning 0870 600 6566
Information pages
1 - What’s a heart? - introducing the heart
2 - Inside our bodies - blood circulation
3 - Inside our arteries and veins - what causes heart disease
4 - Structure of the heart - inside the heart - how the heart beats
5 - Breathing to live - how we breathe - oxygen and carbon dioxide
6 - How to have a healthy heart - things you can do to keep healthy
Experiment pages
1 - Count your pulse - work with a partner to count your heart beats
2 - Measure your breathing - experiment to see how much breath you’ve got
3 - The heart is a pump - experiment to demonstrate the pumping action of the heart
4 - How much blood? - experiment to see what the volume of blood in your body is
Activity pages
1 - Test your knowledge - label and colour in the heart
2 - What am I doing? - What shall I eat? a simple quiz sheet
3 - Healthy heart - word games and puzzles
Beating heart disease together
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Information 1
What’s a heart?
Your heart is a powerful muscular bag with lots of tubes
called veins and arteries going in and out. It is behind
your ribs and a full size heart weighs about the same as
two apples. Your own heart is about the size and shape
of your own fist. A doctor can hear your heart beating
with a stethoscope. You can easily feel your heart
beating if you put your hand on your chest after
running up and down stairs a couple of times.
When you are running and jumping, or even walking
quickly, your body needs more energy, so the heart
beats faster to send blood around your body, carrying
nutrients (from food) and oxygen (from the air) to
provide that energy.
Your heart’s job is to pump blood round your body.
Your body contains about 4 to 5
litres of blood, depending on
your body size.
(Most squash bottles contain
about 1 litre.)
Every animal has a heart - from the largest elephant to the smallest mouse.
A mouse’s heart beats about 500 times a minute, but an elephant’s heart beats only 25 times a minute.
Mice have much smaller hearts and elephants have much larger hearts than us but they all do the same thing.
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Information 2
Inside our bodies
Blood is pumped by our hearts through a maze of
tubes which get smaller and smaller.
M
L
The biggest tubes are called arteries and veins.
The very tiny tubes are called capillaries.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
and veins carry blood back to the heart.
L
M
Lungs
Heart
Artery
M
L
L
Capillaries
M
Vein
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Information 3
Inside our arteries and veins
Inside our blood, red cells give blood its colour. They
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.
White cells attack and eat germs. Platelets make
our blood stick together (clot) if we cut ourselves.
Blood carries food nutrients so that our whole body
can grow and repair itself. Wonderful stuff blood!
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Fatty
substance
Heart disease in grown ups usually occurs
because their arteries get blocked with fatty
build-up called atheroma.
A heart attack happens when an artery blocks up
with a blood clot. This can be very dangerous.
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Information 4
Structure of the heart
What happens when our heart beats?
When the heart beats it expands and squeezes like a pump pushing blood all
round your body. It keeps pumping whatever you are doing - even when you
are asleep. It is divided into two halves, a left side and a right side. Each side has
two spaces or chambers. The top chamber is called the atrium where blood is
sent to the heart through the veins. The lower space is called the ventricle
which pumps blood from the heart through the arteries. Four valves in the
heart make sure that blood flows in the right direction.
Artery to the lungs
Artery to the body
Vein from
the lungs
Artery to
the lungs
Left
atrium
Vein from
the lungs
Valve
Vein from
the body
Right
atrium
Left
ventricle
Valve
Right
ventricle
Blood flows
through the
open valves
from the
atrium to the
ventricle as the
heart fills.
The ventricles
contract and
squeeze the
blood out
through the
arteries.
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Information 5
Breathing to live
Windpipe carrying air
to the lungs
Artery carrying
blood to the lungs
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
(blood to the
heart from the
lungs)
Heart
What happens when we breathe?
Every part of our body needs oxygen. Without it we would die.
Oxygen is an invisible gas that is part of the air that we
breathe into our lungs. Blood is pumped from our hearts to
our lungs into millions of the tiny blood vessels called
capillaries around our lungs. Red cells in our blood pick up
oxygen in the lungs and carry it all around our bodies. We
need more oxygen when we are active which is why we
breathe faster, and our hearts beat faster.
When we breathe our body uses oxygen and a waste gas is
formed called carbon dioxide which we do not need. The
red cells that carry oxygen from our lungs also carry carbon
dioxide back to our lungs to be breathed out.
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Information 6
How to have a healthy heart
There are many things you can do to help keep your
heart healthy because it’s one of the most important
parts of your body, it needs all the help it can get!
Eat healthy foods.
Try to eat a wide variety of foods.
Some foods contain a lot of saturated fat and these
can be bad for your heart if you eat too much of
them.
Some foods are low in saturated fat such as
fruit, vegetables, bread, rice, baked beans, potatoes,
pasta and fish.
Be active every day.
Keeping fit helps your muscles, including your heart,
to work well. To stay fit you should try to be active for
an hour every day. Swimming, cycling, skipping and
dancing are all great ways to keep fit. So are team
games like football and netball.
Regular activity not only makes you feel good, it also:
Helps you to concentrate
Makes you stronger, gives you strong bones
Keeps you flexible
Improves your stamina
Keeps your hair and skin looking great
It’s good for you to eat at least 5 portions of
fruit and vegetables every day.
Foods like crisps, sausages, chips and
burgers should not be eaten
every day.
Try not to eat too
many biscuits,
cakes and
sweets as well.
Don’t smoke.
Say ‘no’ to cigarettes, smoking
is the heart’s worst enemy.
Smoking gives you bad breath
and makes your hair and clothes smell horrible.
Even worse it damages your lungs and causes heart
disease. Cigarettes contain very harmful chemicals,
including nicotine, which is an addictive drug and
makes it very difficult to QUIT the habit.
Most people who smoke wish they hadn’t
started, and want to stop.
So it’s simple – be smart, don’t start!
NO THANKS!
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Experiment 1
Count your pulse
You can feel your heart beating inside your body.
If you find the artery that runs at the side of your wrist
and count the beats of your heart.
This is called the pulse.
Count your pulse with a partner.
You will need a watch or a stopwatch. Take it in turns to do the
experiment.
Step 1: Take your partner’s pulse when resting, for 15 seconds.
Step 2: Get your partner to be active (run around or skip) for 2 minutes.
Step 3: Take your partner’s pulse again for 15 seconds.
Step 4: Wait for 5 minutes and take the pulse again for 15 seconds.
Step 5: Now change over and get your partner to take your pulse
and repeat steps 1 to 5.
What do you think will happen?
RESULTS - multiply the pulse count by 4 to get the rate for a minute
Resting per minute
After activity
After 5 minutes
My partner
Me
Why is the count different before and after activity?
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Experiment 2
Measure your breathing
Equipment: 2 litre plastic squash bottle, 30 cm
plastic tubing, bowl, water, pen or pencil, ruler.
Work with a partner.
Step 1: Fill the squash bottle with water and half fill
the bowl with water.
Step 2: Place your hand over the top of the bottle
and turn it upside down into the bowl of water.
Step 3: Tilt the bottle slightly, keeping it in the water
and insert one end of the plastic tubing into the
neck of the bottle. Get your partner to mark the
water level on the bottle.
Step 4: Take a deep breath, seal your lips on the
other end of the tube and blow out, down the tube.
Get your partner to mark the new water level and
then measure the difference from the first mark.
RESULTS
Me
My partner
The teacher
Difference between 2 marks (cms)
What do you think will happen when you blow into the tube?
Why were the results different for different people?
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Experiment 3
The heart is a pump
Here’s an experiment to demonstrate the pumping action of
the heart.
Equipment: Plastic bucket, plastic tubing, an empty
washing up liquid bottle, insulating tape.
Step 1: Make a hole in the bottle, towards the base.
Step 2: Put one piece of tubing into the hole and seal it
with the tape. Make sure it is water tight or the experiment
won’t work. Attach another piece of tube to the bottle
nozzle.
Step 3: Fill the bottle and bucket with water.
Hold the bottle and tubes under the water in the bucket.
Step 4: Squeeze the bottle. Keep the bottle under the
water and the top tube above the water.
What do you think will happen when you squeeze the bottle?
What actually happens?
How is this like the heart?
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Experiment 4
How much blood?
It’s surprising just how much blood we have flowing
through our bodies. It contains up to 5 litres of blood,
depending on your size.
To see what this actually looks like in volume - do this
experiment.
You will need: An empty 1 litre squash bottle and an
empty bucket.
Fill the squash bottle with water four times and pour into
the bucket - heavy isn’t it?
If you weigh the bucket of water you can see exactly how
heavy it is.
This is about how much blood you have inside your body.
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Activity 1
Test your knowledge
Naming the heart Can you label the names
of the different parts of the heart?
When you have labelled the heart diagram colour it in to show where the blood is full of
oxygen (red) and where it is not (blue).
2...............................
1....................................
7....................................
3......................
4.......................
5....................................
6....................................
To check your answers - see information 4
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Activity 2
What am I doing? What shall I eat?
What am I doing in the pictures?
Tick the box if it is good for my heart?
1 I really like to ride my b _ _ _ _ _ _
앮
2 I like to swim in the s _ _
앮
3 I eat c _ _ _ _ and b _ _ _ _ _ _ every day
앮
4 Sometimes I like to s _ _ _
앮
5 I am puffing on a c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
앮
6 In the summer I play t _ _ _ _ _
앮
7 I watch t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all day at weekends
앮
8 I play f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with my friends
앮
What shall I eat?
Put a tick in the box next to the foods
that keep your heart healthy.
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
앮
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Template Activity 3
Healthy heart
Tick the true or false box
True
False
1. Your heart pumps when you are asleep
앮
앮
Can you find these words in the squares?
2. Running makes your heart beat slower
앮
앮
CHICKEN BEAT HOP RUN BREAD SKIP FISH RICE
3. Your pulse can be felt on the inside of your wrist
앮
앮
4. The smallest tubes that carry blood are
called capillaries
앮
앮
5. We breathe in carbon dioxide and
breathe out oxygen
앮
앮
6. Arteries carry blood to the heart
앮
앮
7. Skipping is bad for your heart
앮
앮
8. Chickens don’t have hearts
앮
앮
9. A mouse heart beats slower than an elephants
앮
앮
10. Smoking is good for your heart
앮
앮
FUNNY APPLE GOOD PEAS DANCE
Q
C
F
G
U
C
R
K
D
C
R
S
U
O
S
H
I
A
P
L
T
K
N
O
W
I
C
U
T
O
A
I
N
D
V
C
E
V
P
F
U
P
Y
E
I
K
R
W
E
I
N
K
L
B
M
E
A
D
A
S
B
R
L
E
R
N
P
A
S
H
H
O
O
A
U
P
P
N
R
Z
O
T
S
T
N
N
L
C
I
K
P
R
P
J
Z
V
E
E
F
R
M
W
Z
T
K
X
M
V
H
I
Draw in some more food for Artie on the empty plates. But make sure it’s good for him!
Charity Registration Number 225971
look After Your Heart
Teacher’s Notes
Introduction
Look after your heart is a science resource.
This downloadable pdf provides teacher’s notes to be used in conjunction with the black
and white Teacher’s Templates (13 individual pdfs) and the G31 Look After Your Heart
pupil’s workbook. You can order a full colour G31 workbook for each pupil in your class by
phoning 0870 600 6566.
These Teacher’s Notes include:
Curriculum links for all 4 UK countries
Project ideas
The project ideas relate to the 13 separate pdf sheets giving:
Information
Practical activities
Experiments
In total these pdfs are designed to aid discussion relating to the heart and how to keep it
healthy in ways that children aged 7-11 will understand.
Aims
To explain to children the structure of the heart and how it acts as a pump.
To teach children how blood circulates through arteries and veins (circulatory system).
To communicate how to keep your heart healthy through physical activity, healthy
eating and being smoke free.
To show that maintaining a healthy heart can be fun.
How many lessons are needed?
This is entirely up to you as the teacher. You may decide to use the resource as a
complete topic, taking a lesson for each area, or you may wish to be selective and fit each
theme into existing schemes of work.
Registered Charity Number 225 971
1
Activity Pages
Activity page 1 – test your knowledge
To reinforce what was taught from Information page 4 – Structure of the heart.
Activity page 2 – what am I doing? What shall I eat?
To reinforce what was taught from Information page 6 – how to have a healthy heart.
It is important to point out that eating burgers and chips is only unhealthy if it is done on a
frequent and regular basis – we are not trying to forbid these types of food.
Use with G279 Help your heart poster as a teaching aid.
Activity page 3 – Healthy heart
To reinforce what was taught on Information page 6 – how to have a healthy heart.
Activity page 4 – the heart is a pump
Suggest that the children make a collection of pumps to represent the heart such as
bicycle pumps, balloon pumps, lilo pumps. Some household products like shampoo and
cosmetics have packs with a pumping action.
Conclusion
Some creative ideas to bring the topic Look after your heart to a conclusion:
Movement pictures:
Make jointed figures with card and paper fasteners
Arrange figures so that they are playing different sports.
Make a model heart using plasticine, clay or junk materials.
Make a My Healthy Day zig-zag book, drawing pictures of all the healthy things done in
one day.
Design a poster to encourage people to look after their hearts.
Show a road map of your local area featuring main roads, intersections, small side
streets, circular roads and major intersections. Compare this system of transport to the
circulatory system inside the body.
To order the G66 Kids’ and Schools’ catalogue, or the posters and other resources
suggested here:
phone: 0870 600 6566
email: [email protected]
website: bhf.org.uk/publications
Registered Charity Number 225 971
9
Experiment pages
Experiment page 1 – count your pulse
Aim
To teach children how to take their pulse. This lets them feel their heart beating and means
that discussions on the heart are more relevant.
The pupils should take their pulse when resting and again after physical activity and see
how it differs. Note that children should sit quietly for a minute before the first
measurement is taken to help make the result more reliable. Follow the instructions
given on the page.
The results could be recorded on a simple graph illustrating how each child's pulse rate
changes after physical activity. The pulse rate increases after physical activity because
the muscles need more oxygen to work when you are active. You breathe rapidly and
the heart beats faster to pump the blood where it is needed. People have different pulse
rates because of the effects of such things as fitness, age and weight.
Experiment page 2 – measure your breathing
Aim
Compare lung capacity.
Set up the experiment. You will need a basin, 30cm of plastic tubing, water and a
squash bottle for this. Follow the instructions as given on the page.
Children's lung capacity will be different depending on their size, some people will have
greater lung capacity than others. Adults have a greater lung capacity than children.
Experiment page 3 – how much blood?
Aim
To see what the volume of blood looks like.
Set up the experiment using water. You will need a litre bottle and a bucket. Fill the
bottle four times and pour into the bucket. This is the amount of blood in your body.
Weigh the bucket full and empty and find out how much our blood weighs.
Follow the instructions given on the page.
8
There are 13 pdfs that relate directly to the full colour Look after your heart
workbook used by the pupils (see how to order it at the end). The project ideas
below show how the different pages can be used in various combinations.
Information pages
Information page 1 – What’s a heart?
Aim
To provide factual information about the heart and help children come to terms with the
fact that all animals have a heart and pulse although they differ in size.
Project ideas
Ask the children to think of animals and to find pictures of them to bring to class.
Explain that an animal’s heart is relative to the size of the animal and the needs of its
body.
Explain that the heart-rate (pulse) is relevant to the animal’s blood volume.
With the children, find out information on the animals they have chosen eg:
how much they weigh
how much physical activity they do
what they eat
how much they eat
Use Experiment page 1 - Count Your Pulse to reinforce the information sheet. If the
children draw a graph it will show a gradual return to a resting pulse rate.
This information may be useful to come back to when discussing Information page 6 - How
to have a healthy heart.
Information page 2 – Inside our bodies
Aim
To enable children to understand how blood is pumped by the heart through the circulatory
system.
Project ideas
Teach children about how blood circulates through arteries and veins. Use the G46
Circulatory System poster to support this.
Draw around a child and label the position of the heart, arteries and veins.
Use Experiment page 3 - How Much Blood to help children to understand the concept of
blood volume.
5
Information page 3 - Inside our arteries and veins
Aim
To enable children to understand the composition of blood and its circulation, as well as
understand the concept of heart disease.
Project ideas
Ask children to find out about the foods that are carried in the blood and where they are
needed, for example sugar to the muscles for energy, protein to the nails for growth.
The children could write a story about the journey around the body in the blood stream.
Use with G46 the Circulatory System poster.
Ask the children if they know anyone with heart disease. Ask them to tell you a bit about
them. You may find that children are included here as well as adults.You may have a
child in your class that has a heart condition and they may be happy to talk about it. This
section will require sensitivity but it is important that children have a realistic picture of
how heart disease affects our population.
Information page 4 – Structure of the heart
Aim
To explain to children the structure of the heart and how it acts as a pump.
Project ideas
Use with Activiity page 1 as a test to consolidate what you have learned.
Use with Activity page 4 to explore what pumps are:
Ask the children to make a collection of pumps
Find out how they work
Make a simple pump with a squeezy washing up bottle and water.
Information page 5 – Breathing to live
Aim
To enable children to understand how we breathe and the part that the heart and blood
play in this.
Project Ideas
Use with Experiment page 2 to demonstrate breathing capacity in the lungs
Set up the experiment in the classroom
Measure the capacity of different people (children and adults)
Discuss why the capacity is different
Is gas exchange (taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide) done in the same way
for all animals e.g fish, frogs and tadpoles.
6
Information page 6 – How to have a healthy heart
Aim
To give information to children about how they can keep their heart healthy and prevent
heart disease.
Use with Activity pages 2 and 3 as a follow-up to this topic. The G279 Help your heart
poster is an additional teaching aid.
Project ideas
Construct a blocked artery by using a tube cut lengthways, playdough and some beads
as corpuscles flowing through.
Ask the children to make a list of the type of physical activity they like to do:
What is the most popular?
Collect pictures or make drawings of people doing the activity they like
Make a list of the physical activities their parents or carers do
Stress the fun and sociable elements of physical activity.
Ask the children to keep a diary of what they eat over a period of a few days:
Use the diaries for a discussion on how healthy/unhealthy the food they eat may be.
Healthy living:
Ask the children what they think they have to do to grow up healthy and strong.
List their suggestions. Ask them to suggest who can help them to achieve each
suggestion on the list.
Discuss illnesses that the children may have had:
How did the doctor help them get better?
Invite the school nurse to give the class a talk on keeping healthy
Discuss how we feel when we are healthy
And how do we feel when we are unhealthy?
Why do people smoke?
Ask the children to discuss this and make a list of their suggestions.
Write poems about being healthy.
Practical activities
We all need to eat and drink to stay alive, but are we choosing foods that will help us to
stay healthy?
Use with G45 Nutrition Mission CD rom to keep Artie Beat happy by feeding him properly.
Use with G321 Big Food Challenge as an additional teaching aid.
Collect packets and pictures of foods:
Sort them into broad groups according to the balance of good health plate
Discuss favourite foods, avoiding the terms ‘good’ or ‘bad’ foods
Plan balanced meals for a day
Suggest alternatives to sweets and snacks eg cereal bars, fruit and raw vegetables, rice
crackers, dried fruit.
Cooking healthy recipes instead of cakes. See suggestions on cbhf.net in the Healthy
Eating section. Aim to do low fat, low salt, low sugar, high fibre and fruit recipes.
7
Curriculum links
The National Curriculum England and Wales Key Stage 2
Scottish Guidance Notes 5 - 14 p3 - p7
Scotland - A Curriculum for Excellence 3 - 18 commencing 2008
The Revised Northern Ireland Curriculum Key Stage 2
The National Curriculum England and Wales Key Stage 2
Science Life Processes
Humans and other animals
2) Pupils should be taught:
b. About the need for food for activity and growth, and about the importance of an adequate
and varied diet for health.
Circulation
a. That the heart acts as a pump to circulate the blood through vessels around the body
including through the lungs.
b. About the effect of exercise and rest on pulse rate.
Health
a. About the effects on the human body of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, and how these
relate to personal health
b. About the importance of exercise for good health.
Personal Social and Health Education and Citizenship
What makes a healthy lifestyle including the benefits of exercise and healthy eating.
Physical education
Why physical activity is good for health and well-being.
2
Scottish Guidance Notes 5 - 14 p3 - p7
Environmental Studies 5 - 14
Science - The Process of Life
The processes are:
feeding and digestion
breathing (lungs, windpipe)
circulation of blood (heart, arteries, veins).
Personal and Social Development 5 - 14
Taking responsibility for one’s own life.
Physical Education
Investigating and developing the concept of fitness and promoting physical activity and health.
Scotland - A Curriculum for Excellence 3 - 18 commencing 2008
Science
The impact of science on their own health and wellbeing, the health of society.
Health and wellbeing
Learning through health and wellbeing promotes confidence, independent thinking and positive
attitudes and dispositions. Because of this, it is the responsibility of every teacher to contribute
to learning and development in this area.
Experience positive aspects of healthy living and activity for themselves.
Develop the knowledge and understanding, skills, abilities and attitudes necessary for their
physical, emotional and social wellbeing now and in their future lives.
Make informed decisions in order to improve their physical, emotional and social wellbeing.
Apply their physical, emotional and social skills to pursue a healthy lifestyle.
3
The Revised Northern Ireland Curriculum Key stage2
Science and Technology
Living things ourselves
b Identify major organs, including brain, heart,
c Learn about factors that contribute to good health including diet, exercise, hygiene and
develop an awareness of the safe use of medicines and the harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol
and other substances;
e Investigate how basic life processes including circulation, simple respiration and digestion
relate in order to maintain healthy bodies, for example, compare breathing and pulse rates
before and after exercise;
Personal Development Strand
Personal Development strand 1 Health Growth and Change
Understanding of the benefits and the importance of a healthy lifestyle.
Physical Education
To promote physical activity and healthy lifestyles, pupils should:
develop an understanding of the relationship between physical activity and good health.
4