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Zonation System for the Baa Atoll
Plan of Management
May 2011 Revised Version 1.1
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll
Plan of Management
May 2011 Revised Version 1.1
CONTENTS
ACRONYMS
.
DEFINITIONS
.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
.
1.0 BAA ATOLL
1
2.0 BAA ATOLL CONSERVATION PROGRAMME
3
2.1 Laws and Regulations
5
2.1.1 National Legislative Framework
5
2.1.2 Policy Frameworks and Mandates
5
2.1.3 Administrative Mandates
6
2.1.4 International Commitments
7
2.1.5 Current Legal Challenges and Issues
7
2.2 Main Threats to Baa Atoll Ecosystems
2.3 Management Goals
9
11
3.0 UNESCO WORLD BIOSPHERE RESERVES
13
4.0 BAA ATOLL ZONATION SYSTEM
15
4.1 Core Areas
17
4.2 Buffer Zones
21
4.3 Transition Areas
23
4.4 Atoll Wide Resource Bans
27
5.0 APPENDICES
33
Appendix 1
: Diagrams of each Core Area and its corresponding Buffer Zone.
34
Core Area 1
: Nibiligaa Region
35
Core Area 2
: Dhigaliha Region
36
Core Area 3
: Hanifaru Region
37
Core Area 4
: Angafaru Region
38
Core Area 5
: Mahuravalhi Reef Region
39
Core Area 6
: Bathalaa Region
40
Core Area 7
: Olhughiri Island
41
Core Area 8
: Goidhoo Koaru
42
Core Area 9
: Mathifaru Huraa Island
43
ACRONYMS
AEC
AWRB
BAMP CBD
DNP
EPA IUCN
MHTE
MFA
MRC
UNESCO
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation Project
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Baa Atoll Management Plan
Convention on Biological Diversity
Department of National Planning
Environmental Protection Agency
International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Ministry of Housing, Transport and Environment
Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture
Marine Research Centre
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
DEFINITIONS
Commercial fishery:
A fishery resource exploited solely for economic gain.
Artisanal fishery:
A fishery resource exploited for both economic gain and personal/family use.
Subsistence fishery:
A fishery resource exploited only for personal/family use.
0.0
Acronyms
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
6
Information detailed in this zonation plan for Baa Atoll has been developed through
community stakeholder discussion with Baa Atoll government representatives and
residents, Baa atoll resort staff, the national government ministries (MHTE and MFA)
and their research entities (MRC and EPA), Department of National Planning (DNP)
and the scientific literature provided to the AEC. Special thanks are extended to CDE
Pvt Ltd for their assistance in producing the zonation maps.
1.0
BAA ATOLL
Baa Atoll, previously known as South Maalhosmadulu Atoll is located
in the west of the central part of the Maldives (Figure 1). The atoll
is approximately 1,200 km2 in area and is approximately 63 km
long (4°48’S to 5°22’N) and 38 km at its widest point (72°48’E to
73°11’E). The atoll is situated just north of the Kashidhoo Kandhoo
channel that geographically divides the northern chain of atolls. Its
neighbouring atolls include Raa to the north, Lhaviyani to the east
and North Male in the south east.
Baa atoll including Goidhoo atoll which lies 12 km south of the
main island group is comprised of seventy five islands covering a
total land area of 5.5 km2 of which thirteen are inhabited with
a combined population of approximately 11,000 people. Seven
islands have been developed as resorts whilst two more under
construction with the remaining 53 islands uninhabited. Eydhafushi
is the administrative centre and capital island of Baa.
The atoll receives seasonal swell from both the south east and from
the west that break on the outer rim of the atoll, which consists of
a series of narrow islands on the eastern part of the atoll and a few
open with numerous passes. The atoll has a number of patch reefs,
thilas, giris and faroes.
There is one existing marine reserve, Dhighaliha, created in 1995
one of only two roosting sites for the Frigate bird within the nation.
Neither site has received any form of active management nor are
well
known or understood by the local communities.
1.0
terrestrial protected area and was designated in part to protect
Inforamtion about Baa Atoll
and located 5°08’N 73°02’E, and the island of Olhughiri is a
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
larger reef systems on the western side. The rim of the atoll is largely
1
Figure 1. Location of Baa atoll in relation to the Maldives.
1
50’
A
25’
55’
B
C
05’
D
73 00’ E
10’
E
F
General Location Map
BAA
ATOLL
2
Gaagandufaruhuraa
Bathalaahuraa
Dhigufarivinagandu
Bathalaa
Vinaneiyfaruhura
Anhenfushi
Maarikilu
20’
Vinaneiyfaru
Hanikandu Faru
Voavah
Kashidhupparu
Kashidhoo
Kashidhupparu Finolhu
3
Kihavahhuruvalhi (PR)
Boefushi
Kudarikilu
Kashidhoogiri
Boefaru
Four Seasons Resort Maldives
at Landaagiraavaru
Keyodhoo
Milaidhoo
Funadhoo
Keyodhupparu
Kendhoo
Gemendhoo
Dhoogandufinolhu
Kashifaru
Dhaandhoo
Finolhas
Fare’s
Ahivaffushi
Madhirivaadhoo
Thiladhoo
Reethi Beach Resort
Nuraufurifaru
Hulhudhoo
Dhakandhoo
15’
Kamadhoo
Undoodhoo
Maafaru
Vandhoomaafaru
Veyofushi
A’ndhagiri
Dhigudhifaru
Kihaadhoobimmathee Faru
Boatu Urunufaru
4
Hirundhoo
Kihaadhoo
Mudhdhoo
Kihaadhuffaru Resort
Kudafaru
Angafaru
Mendhoobinmathee Faru
Velaa Faru
Aidhoo
ANGAFARU
Dhigufaru
Mendhoo
Nibiligaa
Huraifaru
Dhonfanu
Bimmathee Faru
Maahuruvalhi
Hanifarurah HANIFARU
Hanifaruhuraa
Dhonfanu Thila
Nagili Faru
10’
Dhigali
Kamburu Faru
Kudafussaru
Dharavandhoo
Royal Island Resort and Spa
Aanugandu Faru
DHIGALI HAA
Bodufussaru
Maalhos
5
Hibalhidhoo
Nelivaru Finolhu
Borangali
Vakkaru (PR)
Thundu Faru
Olhu Falhu
Maafaru
Sonevafushi Resort and Spa
Bodugaafalhu
Nagili Falhu
Keyofengali
Baiypen Faru
EYDHAFUSHI
Maarongaali
Maaddoo
Rongaali
Maaneiggaa
05’’
Muthaafushi
iSufWtum
Koraidhoo
Maaddoohulhudhoo
Emboodhoo
Gaaviligili
Miriyandhoo
Oggali
6
Kalhunaiboli
Coco Palm Resort
Kudadhoo
Thulhaadhoo
Hithaadhoo
Bodufinolhu
OLHUGIRI
LEGEND
7
Kudadhoo
Maalhos
55’
Baa Atoll
Reefs
Uninhabited Islands
Inhabited Islands
Islands
Marine Protected Areas
Protected Island
DHIGALI HAA
OLHUGIRI
Rahkairifinolhu
Innafushi
8
FulhadhooFareedhaafinolhu
Fehendhoo
1.0
INDIA
Goedhoo
50’
Dhashufaruhuraa
Mathifaruhuraa
9
2
Ufuligili
Medhufushi
Medhufinolhu
Maamaduvvari
0
2
4
6
8
10km
MAP NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES
Goidhoo Atoll
MALDIVES
Acronyms
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
05 00’ N
Kanifushi
SRILANKA
Maafusheefinolhu
2.0
BAA ATOLL CONSERVATION PROGRAMME
The Baa Atoll Conservation Programme (BACP) encompasses all the
islands, waters and resources (biological and non biological) of Baa
Atoll with an outer perimeter that extends one (1) nautical miles
from the outer reef zone of the atoll. BACP has been developed
through a comprehensive stakeholder consultative process and is
being implemented in line with the Ecosystem Approach of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This is “A strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way”. This
approach is highly relevant to the nation’s development objectives
and is directly linked to the ongoing process of constitutional reform
of the Maldives. The key ecosystem management approach of this
strategy includes;
lPeople (societal choice), rather than biodiversity are at the heart
of natural resource management,
l Decentralises management and governance to the lowest appropriate level,
l Extends biodiversity management beyond protected areas, to
whole ecosystems (biological and non biological),
services,
l Management systems developed at appropriate spatial and
l Engages the full range of sectoral interests in an integrated
way,
l Integrates conservation and sustainable use, and
l Recognises that (climate) change is inevitable, and promotes
adaptation strategies to deal with change.
The long term goal of the BACP is to ensure the ecosystem of Baa
Atoll remains healthy, productive and resilient into the future.
2.0
their function,
Baa Atoll Conservation Programme
temporal scales and ecosystems managed within their limits of
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
l Maintenance (long term) of ecosystem structure, function and
3
4
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
2.1
Laws and Regulations
The BACP is governed by a number of legal instruments which include National Legislative Framework, a number of Policy Frameworks and Mandates, Administrative Frameworks and International
agreements. This includes;
2.1.1 National Legislative Framework
Provides guidance for the sustainable use, management and conservation of the country’s natural resources, and to protect these
resources from degradation and over-exploitation. The two main
national legislative frameworks are:
lThe Fisheries Law (1970).
l The Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (1993).
Additional laws and regulations that are relevant to biodiversity
conservation include :
l Uninhabited Islands Law.
l Tourism Act (1999).
l Regulation on sand and aggregate mining (2000).
2.1.2 Policy Frameworks and Mandates
The main types of in situ conservation methods employed in the
Maldives include:
l Marine protected areas,
l Uninhabited islands,
l Resort islands (only 20% of land is used and the remaining 80%
is left as wilderness),
Laws and Regulations - 2.1.1 & 2.1.2
l Ban on coral mining (1990).
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
l Civil Aviation Act (2001) and regulations (2007).
cated; and
2.1
l Agricultural islands where wilderness areas have been demarl Areas protected by taboos (e.g. presence of jinni).
5
These policy frameworks and mandates are managed under the following initiatives :
l The National Strategy for Biodiversity, adopted in 2001, addresses protection and conservation of special habitats, ecosystems and species.
l The Seventh National Development Plan (NDP7) was the first
national development plan with extensive input relating to biodiversity conservation.
l The NDP7 is superseded by the ruling Maldives Democratic
Party’s (MDP’s) election Manifesto and Action plan. Provisions
within this Manifesto for general environmental and biodiversity
conservation.
l The Third National Environment Action Plan provides provisions
to protect and preserve the environment and to sustainably
manage the country’s natural resources. Biological diversity conservation and integrated reef resources management is a priority action.
l The National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change emphasises the need to preserve and protect coral
reefs to enhance the adaptive capacity of the natural environment against climate change impacts.
l A Maldives Protected Areas System project implemented from
2000 to 2004 to develop guidelines and build the capacity for
protected areas management in the Maldives.
l The Integrated Reef Resources Management programme of the
MRC also provides methodologies and systems for the sustainable use of marine biodiversity in the Maldives.
2.1.3 Administrative Mandates
There is no single agency designated as the responsible agency for
2.1
Laws and Regulations - 2.1.3
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
biodiversity conservation. However, the environment sector of the
6
Ministry of Housing, Transport and Environment (MHTE) is granted
the broad responsibility to assess and manage the environmental
resources of Maldives. There is however an overlapping mandate
to manage marine resources and inhabited islands of Maldives for
Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture (MFA). Furthermore there are a
number of additional ministries and agencies responsible for biodiversity conservation which include;
l The Ministry of Home Affairs, (MHA) though the Atoll and Island
Offices, have the mandate to manage all forest and terrestrial
resources on inhabited and uninhabited islands.
l The Ministry of Tourism (MoT) is responsible for the monitoring
and the management of the environment related to all tourist
resort island.
l The National Commission for the Protection of the Environment
(NCPE) is a major consultative instrument consisting of key government sectors with a broad mandate for the protection and
management of nationally significant issues. NCPE advises the
government on all aspects of environmental management.
2.1.4 International Commitments
The key international commitments by Maldives in relation to conservation of biodiversity include;
l Convention of Biological Diversity.
l Cartagena Protocol on Bio-Safety.
l International Plant Prevention Convention.
l Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Other International Commitments inlcude;
l Basel Convention on Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous
Wastes.
l United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
l Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC.
l Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
l Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
(including ratification of the 1989 London Amendments).
International Agreements in Consideration include;
l Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
(CITES).
l Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
l Bonn Convention on Migratory Species (CMS).
The major legal issues currently facing the nation is to determine
nificant debate going in the parliament regarding the introduction
of a new decentralised system of administration, which proposes to
merge existing 20 atolls to form 7 new Provinces (February 2010).
The powers proposed for the Province Offices are significant and
would introduce new legal mandates to the Province Offices and,
proposed elected Atoll and Island Councils. Some of the potential
changes could be summarised as follows:
l The ownership of resources and their allocation for various uses.
These include economic developments, conservation and mining.
2.1
centralisation Bill comes into affect or is discarded. There is a sig-
Laws and Regulations - 2.1.4 & 2.1.5
how the existing legal mandates will be changed once the new De-
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
2.1.5 Current Legal Challenges and Issues
7
l Management of all natural resources within the provincial jurisdiction.
In summary, key findings on the legal instruments and policy frameworks associated with the BACP currently incuded;
l The main legal instrument for designating Marine Protected Areas or conservation zones is the Environmental Protection and
Preservation Act (EPPA).
l The agency equipped with the mandate to designate conservation zones is the Ministry of Transport, Housing and Environment (MTHE).
l Conservation of specific marine species overlaps with the Fisheries Act.
l Extraction and utilisation of marine resources, including capture
and export is controlled under the Fisheries Act but a specific
site may be designated a protected area under the EPPA, overriding the Fisheries Act.
l If an uninhabited island falls within a proposed zone, the Uninhabited Island law comes into affect but may be over ridden
by EPPA if the area is designated as a Protected or Conservation
zone.
l If a resort island falls within a designated zone, the Tourism Law
is applicable. Regulations relating to the resort island boundary
are not finalised. The draft proposal states a 700 m zone from
the existing island shoreline should be designated as the resort
boundary. There is no clear guideline as to whether an area
within a resort boundary could be designated as a conservation
zone. However, the EPPA gives the legal mandate to the MHTE
to over ride the Tourism Law.
l The key policy planning frameworks for designating a conservation zone are the National Strategy for Biodiversity, Third Na-
2.1
Laws and Regulations - 2.1.5
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
tional Environment Action Plan and, Maldives Democratic Par-
8
ty’s (MDP’s) election Manifesto and action plan.
2.2
Main Threats to Baa Atoll Ecosystems
Non-sustainable human activities are the root cause of the damage and degradation to Baa Atoll’s ecosystem including its biological
and non biological resources. Through stakeholder workshops and
consultation the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation Project (AEC) project
identified the main threats to the atolls ecosystem and resources.
These threats form the basis of the BACP which include strategies to
directly address these activities and their impacts on the biodiversity
Current Issues
Damage to habitats
Construction
Harbour developments
Hanifaru development proposal Resorts and
other infrastructure Mariculture proposals
Sand/coral mining
Anchor damage
Erosion on many islands
Widespread coral damage
Over-fishing
Declines of sharks, groupers and some other
reef fish, bait fish, spiny lobster, sea cucumbers,
turtles
Cutting trees
Damage to mangroves, bird roosting sites
Resort use of sandbanks
Tourists pursuing mega- fauna
Seabird colonies abandoned.
Manta rays and whale sharks disturbed.
Activity on Beaches
Turtle and Bird nesting disturbed.
Pollution
Disposal of waste at sea
Sewage disposal
Pollution of beaches and reefs. Nutrient enrichment of freshwater lens and reefs.
Alien species
Predation on native species
Rats eating breeding seabirds / eggs, coconuts.
Invasion into habitats
Alien invasive plants on islands and marine
organisms (e.g. sponge).
Greenhouse gases
Sea level rise
Increased swells and storms
Coral bleaching
Overharvesting
Disturbance
Climate change
Due to the projects time frame, goals and budget allocations the
above main threats were prioritised through a consultative stakeholder process in terms of three criteria, which included;
lConservation Importance,
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
Cause of Threat
2.2
Type of Threat
Main threats to baa atoll ecosystems
and function of Baa atolls resources. The direct threats include;
9
lUrgency, and
lEase with which it can be addressed.
The following list sorts the strategic threats into High, Medium and
Low priority actions. The biodiversity/ecosystem conservation priority issues include :
High Priority
Medium Priority
l Shark-fining/overfishing
l Sea cucumber over-fishing
l Ornamental fish over-fishing
l Hanifaru development pro-
l Catching turtles at sea
l Mariculture
l Alien invasive species on islands
l Pollution from sewage
l Rat predation on breeding sea-
l Other reef fish overfishing
posal
l Seabird nesting / roosting sites
l Turtle egg collection (and
catching adults) on beaches
birds (&turtles)
l Spiny lobster over-fishing
l Grouper over-fishing
l Pollution from solid wastes
l Recreational reef angling by
resorts
l Marine mega-fauna disturbance
by tourists
l Shipwrecks and oil spills
l Mangrove mismanagement
l Reef damage from anchoring /
diving
l Wildlife captured as pets
l Loss of natural habitats/ land-
2.2
Main Threats to Baa Atoll Ecosystems
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
scape
10
Low Priority
l Bait fish over-fishing
l Alien invasive species (marine)
2.3
Management Goals
The seven (7) management goals developed for the BACP contribute to the conservation and preservation of the atoll by providing a
framework for achieving sustainable resource management of human activities. These include :
Type of Threat
Cause of Threat
1. Conservation
l Protect, conserve, manage and, where possible, restore the natural biodiversity and cultural values of the atoll.
2. Community Engagement
l Develop community awareness, understanding and appreciation of the biological and physical diversity of the atoll, and promote community involvement
in, and support for, its protection, conservation, management and restoration.
l Support communities to develop sustainable livelihoods
l Facilitate the ownership and management of the BAMP to be local and im-
Institutional
prove coordination of governance, regulations and interagency cooperation
Arrangements
and coordination at all levels of government.
4. Zoning and Codes of
Practices
5. Information, Data
Management and
Monitoring
l To incorporate modern resource management practices to form a comprehensive and integrated resource Management Plan.
l Better understand the potential and real impacts resulting from resource use.
l Implement a data collection and analysis program that provides for a much
greater understanding of the impacts of use and management activities within
the atoll.
l Clarify the roles and responsibilities of local and national management agencies / groups for monitoring
6. Conservation Financing
l Establish long term funding system to ensure the BAMP activities are implemented in a timely fashion and develop alternative avenues to acquire financing to maintain and further develop innovative community based conserva-
7. Climate Change
l The precautionary principle should be adapted and integrated into all management activities to recognise climate change (sea level rise, increased
unpredictable weather patterns- sea water temperature increases, large swell
and more frequent storms) potential impacts on the long term management
of the atolls biological and non biological resources and resource users.
2.3
goals.
Management Goals
tion and livelihood programs and activities that are compatible with the BMAP
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
3. Governance and
11
12
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
3.0
UNESCO WORLD BIOSPHERE RESERVES
Through an intensive stakeholder consultative process it was agreed
to adopt and utilise the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) protocols for a World Biosphere
Reserve to develop the zonation strategy for the BACP. The Atoll
Ecosystem Conservation Programme (AEC) was tasked on behalf of
all stakeholders to lead the process to acquire the UNESCO World
Biosphere Reserve status.
UNESCO coordinates a world network of over 500 Biosphere Reserves in 105 countries. These are sites recognized under UNESCO’s
Man and the Biosphere Programme, which innovate and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development.
Biosphere Reserves have three key functions:
1. Conservation,
2. Learning and Research, and
3. Sustainable Development.
Biosphere reserves are vehicles for knowledge-sharing, research
and monitoring, education and training, and participatory decipeople to work together, to live in and manage the whole area for
a sustainable future. They posses unique features in terms of their
education, the economy, arts and culture.
3.0
have a long term community commitment to sustainability through
Unesco World Biosphere Reserves
natural environment (biodiversity and landscapes/seascapes) and
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
sion-making. The designation is about encouraging and facilitating
13
14
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
4.0
BAA ATOLL ZONATION SYSTEM
The BACP is a multiple use marine and terrestrial area that provides
for a wide range of anthropogenic uses (e.g. commercial, artisanal,
subsistence, recreational and tourism) and is based on a over riding
conservation objective to ensure long term ecological sustainability.
Therefore the atoll and its biological and non biological resources
are protected, but managed through a zonation system that provides provisions for different uses and activities to be undertaken in
the different zones whilst minimising detrimental threats and user
conflicts. The BACP also provides mechanisms that actively support
sustainable livelihood initiatives that established sustainable use
and management of resources.
The development of the Baa atoll zonation system included a combination of biological knowledge (scientific and anecdotal) and stakeholder (community, government and private sector) involvement.
The zonation system like the BACP is a “living” system and requires
regular evaluations and modifications to ensure the long term objectives are met. Spatial zoning is an important and required tool
for managing human activities across whole ecosystems. In a large
and complex ecosystem like Baa Atoll, human activities need to be
that sensitive biological and non biological features are protected
(at least temporally e.g. fish spawning aggregation sites) and that
degraded habitats and resources are restored.
UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve zonation criteria and protocols.
This includes a three tired zonation approach which includes;
l Core Areas (highly protected and managed areas where only
non-damaging, non-extractive use is allowed),
l Buffer Zones (managed areas where some types of activities
are allowed), and
Baa Atoll Zonation System
The zonation system developed for Baa atoll has adopted the
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
carefully managed to ensure that use of resources are sustainable,
ties are allowed)
4.0
l Transitional Areas (multiple use areas where sustainable activi-
15
Table 1. The total area of the three zone types and their equivalent
IUCN category and areas covered within the Baa Atoll.
Zone
Equivalent IUCN Category
Area (km2)
Area (hectares)
Core Area
IA, IB, II
30.5
3050
Buffer Zone
IV, V
16.58
1658
Transitional Area
VI
1398
(land 10.4)
(Reef 300)
(Atoll 1,087)
139,800
In addition, the BACP has provided additional management tools to
ensure the sustainability of this plan are fully realised. This includes
a number of specific activities that are to be banned in the atoll
(Atoll Wide Bans), species specific management plans and Codes of
Conduct which in unison with national laws and regulations provides a platform for the long term sustainable development of Baa
atoll resources and communities. These management tools have
been developed based on best scientific and anecdotal information
available, information provided by stakeholders and incorporate
international standards of best practises using the precautionary
principle.
Furthermore, the island and reef resources allocated through a
leased arrangement to the resort operators within Baa atoll due to
their agenda of ensuring their environments are actively maintained
for guest use act by default as semi marine and terrestrial protected
and managed areas. Thus these areas contribute to the BACP atoll
4.0
Baa Atoll Zonation System
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
wide goal of sustainably managing the resources of the atoll.
16
4.1
Core Areas
Core Areas are clearly defined management areas that have a high
ecological significance in terms of marine and terrestrial biodiversity, have a high natural value to Baa atoll, the nation and to the
communities whom use the atoll resources. Core Areas are allocated the highest levels of conservation to ensure the natural ecological systems and organisms are fully protected. Key management
objectives include;
lThe preservation of habitats, ecosystems and species in as undisturbed a state as possible,
lTo maintain genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary
state,
lTo maintain established ecological processes and functions,
and
lTo permit public assess and manage visitor use for educational,
cultural and recreational purposes at a level which will maintain
the area in a near natural state.
All Core Areas prohibit the commercial, artisanal and subsistence
extraction of all biological and non biological resources. However,
if these activities are consistent with the Core Areas conservation
objectives. These activities require stringent management systems,
codes of conduct and due diligence from all users to ensure the
goals of Core Areas are achieved. All anchoring of any boat (unless
in an emergence) is prohibited. Table 2 details activities that are allowed and prohibited within Core Areas.
The boundary for all Core Areas extends 100 metres from the reef
and management restrictions detailed in the BAMP are applicable
to all Core Areas.
4.1
logical resources enclosed within the boundary. All atoll wide bans
Core Areas
edge and includes all marine and terrestrial biological and non-bio-
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
certain activities (e.g. tourism and picnics) and uses can be allowed
17
Nine (9) individual Core Areas have been developed for Baa atoll, these include :
Core Areas
Rationale
CA 1. Nibiligaa Islands and reef,
lVery high biodiversity and standing population of hard and soft corals
Mendhoobinmathee Faru, Kam-
and associated marine invertebrates and vertebrates.
buru Faru and Mendhoo Island
l Nest sites for green and hawksbill turtles.
and reef.
l Nest and roosting sites for the Lesser, Black-Napped, Greater Crested
and Brown Noddy Terns and the Lesser Frigate bird.
CA 2. Dhighaliha (existing MPA)
and Dhighaliha Giri Reef.
l High biodiversity and standing population of hard and soft corals and
associated marine invertebrates and vertebrates.
l Is registered as a Dive Protected MPA, has a high tourism value and previously supported a large population of pelagic finfish and sharks.
CA 3. Hanifaru Reef including
the island.
l High biodiversity marine region possessing a unique dynamic water circulation system that during western monsoons, aggregated for feeding
(whale sharks and manta rays) and mating (manta rays) in high numbers of endangered mega fauna animals (whale sharks and manta rays).
Therefore this site is biologically and biodiversity significant for the Baa
Atoll, Maldives and globally.
l Similarly this area has a very high tourism value for mega fauna and
recreational diving and snorkelling.
l Nest sites for green and hawksbill turtles.
l Occasional roosting site for the Black– Napped Tern, Lesser and Brown
Noddy terns.
CA 4. Angaafaru Reef including
Dhonfanu thila and Dhigu thila.
l High biodiversity marine region and standing population of hard and
soft corals and associated marine invertebrates and vertebrates.
l Reef system is directly associated with the unique dynamic water circulation system of Hanifaru that during western monsoons aggregated for
feeding high numbers of endangered mega fauna animals (whale sharks
4.1
Core Areas
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
and manta rays). This reef site is therefore biologically and biodiversity
18
significant for the Baa Atoll, Maldives and globally for mega fauna animals.
l This marine area has a very high tourism value for mega fauna and
recreational diving and snorkelling. This core area includes the internationally acclaimed dive site of Dhonfanu thila and “shark alley”. This site
located on the southern section of the Angaafaru reef was renowned
for the resident population of sharks. Unfortunately the population currently of sharks utilising this site has all but gone due to commercial
fishing. l Roosting site for the Roseate and black Napped Terns.
€
€
Core Areas
Rationale
CA 5. Maahuruvalhi Reef includ-
l High biodiversity and standing population of hard and soft corals and
ing the passes of Ahivahfushi
Kanndu and Maahuruvalhi
Kandu.
associated marine invertebrates and vertebrates (especially fin fish). l High populations of IUCN red listed species including (Napoleon fish
(Cheilinus undulatus), Hawsbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and
groupers (Plectropomus sp., Variola sp., Cephalopholus sp.).
l It is known as a grouper may be a fish aggregation site for reproduction.
CA 6. Bathalaahuraa reef and is-
l Very high biodiversity, diverse habitat and standing population of hard
land including the channels and
and soft corals and associated marine invertebrates and vertebrates.
island of Gaagandufaruhuraa to
l Nest sites for green and hawksbill turtles.
the north and the north island
l Includes known grouper aggregation spawning sites.
and reef of Vinaneiyfaruhura to
l Gaagandufaruhuraa Island is a roosting site for the Black-Napped, Lesser
the south.
and Brown Noddy terns.
CA 7. Olhughiri Island excluding
l Is registered as a terrestrial MPA, which has a high tourism value.
the reef.
l Has the only nesting population of Lesser frigate birds within Baa Atoll
and associated vegetation.
l Nest sites for green turtles.
l Roosting site for fruit bats.
CA 8. Goidhoo Island Mangrove
Forest.
l Highest biodiversity and largest mangrove forest within Baa atoll and
one of the largest mangrove ecosystems within the nation.
l High biodiversity and population of mangrove associated invertebrates
and vertebrates.
l Popular roosting site for local and migratory birds including the Ruddy
Turnstone and Northern Shoveler during the north-east monsoon period.
l Nest sites for green and hawksbill turtles.
l Roosting and nesting sites for the Black-Napped, Roseate, Lesser Noddy
Appendix 1 provides a visual diagram of each Core Area and its cor-
Core Areas
responding Buffer Zone.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
and Brown Noddy terns.
4.1
CA 9. Mathifaruhurra Island.
19
20
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
4.2
Buffer Zones
Buffer zones are defined management areas that by definition
(UNESCO) provide conservation and protection support services for
Core Areas that maximise biological connectivity whilst allowing the
communities and atoll user’s access to appreciate and enjoy these
zones. These areas in their own capacity have a high ecological significance in terms of marine and terrestrial biodiversity, ecosystem
functions and have a high natural value to Baa atoll. Key management objectives include;
lThe maintenance of habitats, ecosystems, species and ecological processes to ensure long term protection of resources,
l To permit public assess and manage low impact tourist/visitor
use for educational, cultural and recreational purposes at sustainable levels, and
l Permit small scale, strictly managed extractive livelihood activities that are low impacts, sustainable and are reliant on these
ecosystems.
Buffer Zones prohibit the commercial extraction of all biological and
non biological resources. However can provide for a range of artiare compatible with the Core Area conservation objectives. Table
2 details activities that are allowed and prohibited within Buffer
zones.
Buffer Zones permit the extraction of pelagic fishing through trolling and the collection of bait fish (net fishing) only for Baa atoll
based pole and line boats but prohibits the extraction of reef fish
and reef biological and non biological resources. Tourism (e.g. divrecreational purposes that are non extractive are permitted. These
activities require stringent management systems, codes of conduct
and due diligence from all users to ensure the goals of this zone are
Buffer Zones
ing, snorkelling) and public access (e.g. picnics) to buffer areas for
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
sanal and subsistence extractive and non extractive activities that
reef associated bottom substrate is prohibited. Anchoring on sand
4.2
achieved. All anchoring of any boat (unless in an emergence) on
21
is permitted.
The boundary for each Buffer Zone has been developed through a
consultative process with stakeholders and has been specially designed to accommodate its supporting function of the Core Area.
Therefore the sizes of buffer zones vary and include all marine and
terrestrial biological and non biological resources enclosed within
the boundary. All atoll wide bans and management restrictions detailed in the BACP are applicable to all Buffer Zones.
Appendix 1 provides a visual diagram of each buffer zone associated
4.2
Buffer Zones
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
with the Core Areas.
22
4.3
Transitional Areas
Transition Areas are defined management areas that provide for
long term sustainable resource (biological and non biological) utilisation and livelihood activities (commercial, artisanal and subsistence) whilst ensuring these resources are conserved through an integrated ecosystem management programme. Transitional Areas
have a long history of economic and tradition interaction with people and form the basis of communities in Baa Atoll. These areas in
their own capacity have ecological significance in terms of marine
and terrestrial biodiversity, ecosystem functions and natural value
to Baa Atoll. Key management objectives include :
lThe balanced maintenance of habitats, ecosystems, species and
ecological processes with community livelihood requirements
to ensure long term sustainable use and protection of all biological and non biological resources,
l Permit through sustainable management plans the commercial,
artisanal and subsistence extraction of biological and non biological resources, and
l Permit public assess for educational, cultural, recreational, tour-
Transition Areas are the least restrictive management zone allowing most reasonable uses of biological and non biological resource
extraction (commercial, artisanal and subsistence) and use. Table 1
details activities that are allowed within Transition Areas. All activities require management systems, codes of conduct and due diligence from all users to ensure the goals of this zone are achieved.
All anchoring of any boat (unless in an emergence) on reef associat-
The Transition Area boundary includes all areas and resources (biological and non biological) within Baa Atoll that are outside Buffer
Zones and Core Areas and extends 1 nautical miles from the outer
Transition Areas
ed bottom substrate is prohibited. Anchoring on sand is permitted.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
ism and livelihood purposes.
a consultative process with stakeholders and has been specially de-
4.3
reefs of the atoll. The Transitional Area has been developed through
23
signed to provide supporting functions to the Buffer Zones and Core
Area whilst ensuring sustainable livelihood activities can be undertaken. All atoll wide bans and management restrictions detailed in
the BACP are applicable to the Transition Area.
Table 2. Summary of Activity Guide for Baa Atoll Zonation System
Activity
Transition Zone
Buffer Zone
Core Area
Tourism/Recreational use Marine: diving, snorkelling
√
√
√
Tourism/Recreational use Terrestrial: picnic, Site seeing
√
√
√
Fishing - trolling pelagic
√
√
X
Fishing tourism - trolling pelagic
√
X
X
Fishing Bottom Line (reef fish)
√
X
X
Fishing - tourism bottom line (reef fish)
√
X
X
Traditional Bait fish collection- Pole and Line – (*Baa atoll boats only)
√
√ * restrictions
X
Fishing gill nets
X
X
X
Fishing finfish breeding aggregation sites
X
X
X
Spear fishing
X
X
X
Destructive fishing (dynamite, chlorine, cyanide)
X
X
X
√ * restrictions
√ * restrictions
X
Shell collection – commercial/artisanal
X
X
X
Shell collection – subsistence
√
X
X
Sea cucumber fishery
X
X
X
Shark fishery
X
X
X
Live fish collection – commercial
√ * restrictions
X
X
Aquarium trade (vertebrate and invertebrate) commercial
√ * restrictions
X
X
Lobster fishery – commercial/artisanal/subsistence
√ * restrictions
X
X
Turtle egg/adult harvest - Commercial X
X
X
Turtle egg/adult harvest - Subsistence
X
X
X
Sea birds & egg harvesting
X
X
X
Sand Extraction Commercial
√ permit
X
X
Sand Extraction Subsistence
√ permit
X
X
Coral Extraction Commercial
√ permit
X
X
Coral Extraction Subsistence
√ permit
X
X
Waste Disposal at sea (boat or shore)
X
X
X
Palm frond Collection
√
√ * restrictions
X
Coconut Collection
√
√ * restrictions
X
Agriculture
√
X
X
Aquaculture
√
X
X
4.3
Transition Areas - Figure 2
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
Anchoring (all boats)
24
Figures 2. A map of Baa atoll including the Core Area, Buffer Zones
and Transitional Areas.
73° 09'
73° 06'
73° 03'
73° 00'
72° 57'
72° 54'
72° 51'
72° 48'
73° 12' E
5° 24'
5° 24'
Gaagadufaruhuraa
Area 6:
BATHALAA REGION
Bathalaa
Dhigufaru
5° 21'
5° 21'
Anhenunfushi
Vinaeiy Faru
Maarikili
Veyvah
Hanikandu Faru
Kashidupparu
5° 18'
Boi Faru
Four Seasons Resort
Hulhudhoo
Kendhoo
Maa Faru
5° 18'
Kudarikilu
Kihavanhuravalhi
Kamadhoo
Udoodhoo
Keyodupparu
5° 15'
Madhirivaadhoo
Milaidhoo
Reethi Beach Resort
Dhoogadufinolhu
Dhakandhoo
5° 15'
Kashi Faru
Finolhas
Fares
Boatu Urunu Faru
5° 12'
Area 5:
MAAHURUVALHI
REEF
Area 1:
NIBILIGAA
REGION
Maahuruvalhi
Dhonfanu
Binmathee Faru
Hanifaru
Dhigu Faru
Royal Island Resort
Nelivaru
Sonevafushi
Nagilifalhu
5° 06'
5° 09'
Maalhos
Vakkaru
Maa Faru
Area 3:
HANIFARU REEF
Dharavandhoo
Area 2:
DHIGALI HAA
Dhigali Giri
Annex 2
5° 12'
Kihaadhuffaru Resort
Mendhoo
5° 09'
Hirundhoo
Kihaadhoo
Area 4:
ANGAFARU REEF
Vandhoomaa Faru
Veyofushi
5° 06'
Eydhafushi
Maarogaali
Maaddoo
Koraidhoo
Maaddoohulhudhoo
Maaneigaa
Gaaviligili
Miriandhoo
Ohgali
5° 03'
Cocoa Palm Dhunikolhu
5° 03'
Kalhunaiboli
Kudadhoo
Thulhaadhoo
Ufuligiri
Hithaadhoo
Maamaduvvaree
5° 00'
5° 00'
Area 7:
OLHUGIRI ISLAND
1
(Ha)
Mendhoo Region
BIOSPHERE RESERVE NOMINATION 2FORM
Dhigali Haa
4° 54'
Fulhadhoo
Fehendhoo
Innafushi
Area 8:
GOIDHOO KOARU
Goidhoo
Goidhoo Faru
4° 51'
Mathifaruhuraa Area 9:
Dhashufaru huraa
72° 51'
72° 48'
73° 00'
72° 57'
72° 54'
5
10
kilometres
PROJECTION: Longitude/Latitude
HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
583
32.19
59.25
3
Hanifaru
467.5
192.6
4
Angafaru
590.8
227.9
5
Maahuruvalhi
1520
352.6
6
Bathala
502.0
200.0
7
Olhugiri
41.95
6.135
8
Goidhoo Koaru
10.34
3.566
9
Dhorukandu
22.6
33.0
73° 03'
73° 06'
73° 09'
4° 54'
4° 51'
1658
1.14%
4° 48'
73° 12' E
Annex 3
LEGEND
0
589.8
Total
3050
Percent of Atoll 2.1%
MATHIFARU HURAA ISLAND
4° 48'
4° 57'
(Ha)
Reef Flat
Existing Protected Areas
Indicative Reef Boundary
Transition Zone Boundary
Island Vegetation
Baa Atoll Core Areas
with Transition Zone Boundary
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Ministry of Housing & Environment
Map Prepared by CDE Consulting
Island Beach
WARNING
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
4.3
“CORBIN” Shipwreck
Buffer
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
Core Area
Area Name
Transition Areas - Table 2
4° 57'
25
26
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
4.4
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Atoll Wide Resource Bans have been incorporated into the Baa Atoll
Conservation Programme (BACP) to ensure unsustainable resource
(biological and non-biological) extraction activities are prohibited.
Adherence to these bans will provide (medium to long term) a
mechanism that prevents further population decline and degradation of these resources. Thus providing an environment conducive
to ensure biological resource populations mature, reproduce and
repopulate the environs of Baa Atoll and non biological resources
are sustainably managed.
The majority of AWRB are existing national regulations and are directly related to unsustainable commercial resource exploitation.
All AWRB should be regularly reviewed and mechanisms should be
in place to ensure monitoring programmes are developed and the
status of a resource ban can be altered. Changes in the status of a
resource ban will need to be based on scientific data and developed
with key stakeholder participation.
Further development of a legislative framework that can incorporate
additional unsustainable resource extraction activities and methodness, acceptance and enforcement protocols are required to ensure
these Bans are fully acknowledged and implemented.
Rationale
Destructive Fishing Practises
l The use of these destructive fishing techniques is illegal in the Maldives
(e.g. Dynamite, Chlorine,
and therefore should be specifically banned in Baa Atoll. These fishing
Cyanide)
methods are extremely detrimental to the all living organisms, alter the
abiotic structural complexity of reefs and negatively affect the long term
ecosystem functions of a reef.
€
4.4
Atoll Wide Ban
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Table 2: Atoll Wide Resource Bans.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
ologies to manage these actions is required. Increased public aware-
27
€
Atoll Wide Ban
Rationale
Destructive Vessel Practises
l Enforce the regulations that ban the dumping of garbage (solid and liq-
(Anchoring)
uid) into the waters of Baa atoll from all vessels (local and tourism)
within 1 nautical miles from land.
l Increased awareness programmes associated with convenient and practical dumping options must be developed to ensure compliance. Penalties should be considered for offences. This programme should be an
integral component of Baa Atolls waste/garbage land use management
plan.
Unsustainable Fishing Practices l Commercial uses of gill nets although not illegal under the current fish(e.g. Gill nets, spear fishing )
eries legislation are a non selective fishing gear and therefore are an
unsustainable fishing practise. Commercial use of larger mesh nets in
Baa atoll is predominately used to fish for sharks (surface, mid water or
bottom) whilst smaller mesh nets are used to capture (semi commercial
and subsistence) a wide range of reef finfish, especially those that undertake tidal, daily and/or seasonal migrations. The use of gill nets should
be banned and alternative sustainable fishing gears/methods adopted.
l The national legislation prohibiting the use of spear guns and “slings”
should be enforced. Hand held “slings” are used in Baa atoll to target
reef fish by a number of fishermen for small scale commercial fishing
and subsistence purposes.
Shark Fishing
l Commercial species of sea cucumbers have been heavily exploited in the
recent past in Baa Atoll resulting in extremely low stock populations of
all commercial species. A total ban on all commercial and subsistence
extraction of sea cucumbers must be implemented to prevent total stock
population depletion and allow natural stock recovery.
l Through specific stock population assessments (e.g. every 2-3 years) this
ban should be reviewed. Through adherence to appropriate management plans the commercial exploitation of sea cucumbers can be a sustainable fishery.
Turtle and Turtle Egg Harvest-
4.4
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
ing
l All species of turtles are listed under the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species and the their IUCN status are; Critically Endangered Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill turtle & Dermochelys coriacea - Leatherback
turtle; Endangered Chelonia mydas - Green turtle & Caretta caretta Loggerhead turtle and Vulnerable Lepidochelys olivacea- Olive Ridley
turtle.
l The commercial and artisanal capture of all species of turtles (mature
and juvenile) and the collection of their eggs is unsustainable. Resulting
in stock population declines and therefore all capture activities should
be prohibited.
l The long term ban on the commercial and artisanal collection of turtles
and turtle eggs must be implemented to ensure the long term survival of
each turtle species population, the safeguarding of critical habitats (marine and terrestrial) and ensure sustained recovery of depleted stocks.
l Compliance to the national legislation prohibiting the collection of turtles should be enforced.
€
28
€
Atoll Wide Ban
Rationale
Fishing Finfish Aggregation
l The commercial (live reef fish trade), artisanal and subsistence extrac-
Sites
tion of commercially valuable marine finfish species (live fish trade,
fresh or frozen) during their seasonal/annual spawning aggregation is
unsustainable. Resulting in large stock population declines in all finfish
species targeted. Therefore all fishing activities undertaken on aggregations sites should be prohibited. This includes the groupers (Serranidae)
including Plectropomus sp., Epinephelus sp., Variola sp., Cephalopholus
sp., the Napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus) and a large number of emperors (Lethrinidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae).
l Currently specific temporal and spatial data on species aggregation sites
are being investigated (MRC). Once data is attained an atoll wide and
specific species management plan will be developed to ensure the long
term management of these finfish species.
Seabird Disturbance and Harvesting.
l Baa Atoll supports a number of sea bird species roosting and nesting
sites located on the atoll’s sand cays and vegetated islands. Several of
these sites are unique to the Maldives (e.g. frigate bird roosting sites
on Olhughiri Island). Past island and sand cay development and usage
patterns has dramatically increased the disturbance and degradation of
these terrestrial sites. Resulting in sea bird colonies abandoning breeding
and nesting sites and a significant decrease in sea bird populations.
l Increased rat populations on bird nesting islands have contributed significantly to the decrease in hatching survival and the bird populations.
In addition, the capture of birds for pets (e.g. frigate) needs to be addressed.
l Specific management protocols must be implemented to ensure the
long term survival of each bird species population and the safeguarding
of critical habitats (roosting and nesting) to ensure sustained recovery of
depleted stocks.
pus) and Manta rays (Manta birostris). Both species are listed under
“vulnerable” and manta rays registered as “Near Threatened”.
l The commercial capture of Whale sharks and Manta rays for the international shark fin trade is unsustainable and traditional capture of whale
sharks for oil is no longer required and therefore the capture of these
animals should be prohibited.
l Specific management protocols and codes of practises must be implemented to ensure the long term survival of these species population and
the safeguarding of critical habitats (e.g. Hanifaru feeding site) to ensure
sustained maintenance of current stock populations.
€
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with whale sharks registered as
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Fauna
l Baa atoll has globally significant stocks of Whale sharks (Rhincodon ty-
4,4
The capture of Marine Mega
29
€
Atoll Wide Ban
Rationale
Collection of wild Resources
l The extraction or capture of reef associated resources (e.g. Mollusc shells,
for the “Curio Trade”
turtle shells, black coral) from the wild for commercial enterprise by Baa
atoll residents, resort operators or tourist for the “curio or trinket tourist
market” is an unstainable practise and should be prohibited. The tourist industry in Baa atoll (resorts and safari vessels) needs to continue to
enforce a ‘look, no touch, no take” policy and extend this policy to the
purchase of local resource products.
l All resources used for commercial purposes (large or small operations)
must be managed to ensure the long term economic and environmental
sustainability of the enterprise.
l Products cultured or sustainably harvested through a permitting process
based on a sustainable management plan should be further developed
and supported by the local resort operators and guests (e.g. cultured
pearl oyster products, handicrafts).
Mangroves
l Mangrove trees and forest are rare in the Maldives with several small but
significant forest located with Baa atoll (e.g. Goidhoo and Olhughiri islands). They are important for ecosystem biodiversity and function (e.g.
support nursery grounds) and physical protection of islands and communities.
l The harvesting of Mangrove trees for wood and other purposes is an
unsustainable practise and should be prohibited.
l Specific management protocols must be implemented to ensure the long
term ecosystem function of each mangrove forest including consideration for small scale replanting options and the safeguarding of critical
habitats to ensure sustained recovery and long term survival of these
habitats.
“Corbin” Ship wreck site
l Located on the outer reef slope on the northern side of Goidhoo Atoll
(Easting) 74 ̊ 54’03”E, (Northing) 04 ̊ 54’33”N.
l Is a marine histtorical site and is indentified as a restricted No- Access
location.
l Strickly enforced no access area for all.
4.4
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
l Site retains artefacts.
30
€
There are a number of anthropogenic activities undertaken within Baa atoll that
are detrimental to the long term sustainability of the atolls biodiversity however
are important community development necessities to ensure the communities
of Baa atoll’s well being, health and prosperity are maintained and developed.
Therefore increased protection through enhanced management protocols through
government regulated permits supported by appropriate laws and legislation are
required to sustainably address these issues. This includes but not limited to :
Atoll Wide Ban
Rationale
Live Rock and Coral Collection
l The large scale and/or commercial removal of live rock or living coral for
any purpose alters and degrades the biodiversity of the reef, its ecological systems and reduces the ability of the reefs structural integrity and
physical resilience to natural and man made events. Similarly small scale
physical removal of live rock and coral has the same affects except on a
smaller scale.
l Therefore the remove of live rock and/or coral is detrimental to the reef
biological and non biological processes and will degrade reef systems
and its biodiversity.
l However under certain circumstances the removal of live rock and coral
(large or small scale) are unavoidable and are important requirements
for the long term sustainable development of Baa atoll (e.g. harbour).
l Therefore the removal of live rock and coral must be carefully managed on an individual basis through a strict permitting process utilising
best practises to reduce and possibly mitigate all negative impacts. The
adherence and enforcement of the nation’s laws and regulations associ-
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
l The large scale and/or commercial extraction of sand from beaches, islands and the lagoon and its associated environmental issues (e.g. suspended sediments) for any purpose alters and degrades the biodiversity
of the habitat, its ecological system functions and can reduces the ability
of the islands and reefs structural integrity and physical resilience to
natural and man made events. Sand removed from beaches and vegetated islands have the potential for larger impacts on the environment
and biodiversity than those extracted from lagoon floors. Similarly small
scale physical removal of sand has the same affects except on a smaller
scale.
l Therefore the remove of sand is detrimental to island and reef natural
processes and is detrimental to the biodiversity of these systems.
l However under certain circumstances the extraction and need for sand
is unavoidable for communities living in remote atoll systems and therefore is an important requirement for the long term sustainable development of Baa atoll.
l Sand replenishment is constantly renewed through natural processes
(considerably faster than coral) and therefore is a renewable resource.
The controlled extraction of sand must be carefully managed on an individual basis through a strict permitting process whilst implementing
best codes of practises that minimise and/or mitigate negative impacts. Adherence and enforcement of the nation’s laws and regulations associated with these activities should be fully adopted and implemented.
4.4
Sand Dredging and/or Mining
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
ated with these activities should be fully adopted and implemented.
31
€
Atoll Wide Resource Bans
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
4.4
32
In addition to the above there are a number of commercial and
artisanal anthropogenic activities that are undertaken within Baa atoll
that may need additional management protocols developed, however
there are insufficient data currently available to determine the current
status of the resources and the threats. These include :
Atoll Wide Ban
Rationale
Lobsters (crayfish)
l These animals are commercially harvested for the live food trade associated
with resorts in Baa atoll and neighbouring atolls (e.g. north Male atoll). A specific marine assessment detailing current stock populations of each commercially
harvested species and consumption rate of the resorts is required.
Bait Collection
l The commercial collection of a range of bait fish species for use associated with
Baa atolls “pole and line” tuna fishery has and remains an important livelihood
for the communities of Baa. Access to fish stocks throughout the atoll is important however management protocols need to be considered to ensure fish stock
populations and the reef associated environments remain healthy. Anecdotal
information indicates that bait fish populations have decreased in Baa, the exact cause of this is unknown and is most likely a combination of environmental
degradation and fishing activities. l A range of fishing methods are used to capture bait fish some of which should
be reviewed and management protocols developed to ensure bait fish stock
populations are not over exploited. In particular the use of large lights to attract
fish and the use of anchors which cause physical damage to the reef reducing
structural complexity of the reef directly reducing habitat for bait fish and other
marine organisms.
l The development of management plans that ensure all users of resources are
accommodated would ensure the development of this industry without being
detrimental to the goals of the atolls long term sustained development. MRC as
part of its 2010-2011 work program will develop a number of management
guidelines to ensure this industry is developed sustainably. These guidelines
should be accessed and relevant sections incorporated into the Baa Atolls management plan.
Aquarium Fish Collection
l The commercial collection and subsequent export of aquarium fish and invertebrates can contribute considerable revenue to the economic prosperity of Baa
atoll and the nation. The industry is in its infancy in Baa atoll and justifiable
concerns have been raised to the long term sustainability of this industry, which
animal it should and should not allowed to extract, the potential economic
conflicts with other current economic generating livelihood and incomes in Baa
(e.g. tourist diving and snorkelling) and perceived global ramifications associated with the Maldivian world tourist destination.
l Further assessments and stakeholder discussions need to be undertaken to delineate the development of this industry. Irrespective of the out come of these
debates and consultation the marine aquarium trade if undertaken professionally, in accordance with national laws and codes of best practises by responsible
company’s economic returns appear profitable.
l The development of management plans that ensure all users of resources are
accommodated would ensure the development of this industry without being
detrimental to the goals of the atolls long term sustained development. MRC as
part of its 2010-2011 work program will develop a number of management
guidelines to ensure this industry is developed sustainably. These guidelines
should be accessed and relevant sections incorporated into the Baa Atolls management plan.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
5.0
APPENDICES
33
Appendix 1. Diagrams of each Core Area and its corresponding Buffer Zone.
73° 09'
73° 06'
73° 03'
73° 00'
72° 57'
72° 54'
72° 51'
72° 48'
73° 12' E
5° 24'
5° 24'
Gaagadufaruhuraa
Area 6:
BATHALAA REGION
Bathalaa
Dhigufaru
5° 21'
5° 21'
Anhenunfushi
Vinaeiy Faru
Maarikili
Veyvah
Hanikandu Faru
Kashidupparu
5° 18'
Boi Faru
Four Seasons Resort
Hulhudhoo
Kendhoo
Maa Faru
5° 18'
Kudarikilu
Kihavanhuravalhi
Kamadhoo
Udoodhoo
Keyodupparu
5° 15'
Madhirivaadhoo
Milaidhoo
Reethi Beach Resort
Dhoogadufinolhu
Dhakandhoo
5° 15'
Kashi Faru
Finolhas
Fares
Boatu Urunu Faru
5° 12'
Area 5:
MAAHURUVALHI
REEF
Maahuruvalhi
Dhonfanu
Binmathee Faru
Hanifaru
Dhigu Faru
Royal Island Resort
Nelivaru
Sonevafushi
Nagilifalhu
5° 06'
5° 09'
Maalhos
Vakkaru
Maa Faru
Area 3:
HANIFARU REEF
Dharavandhoo
Area 2:
DHIGALI HAA
Dhigali Giri
Annex 2
5° 12'
Kihaadhuffaru Resort
Mendhoo
5° 09'
Hirundhoo
Kihaadhoo
Area 4:
ANGAFARU REEF
Area 1:
NIBILIGAA
REGION
Vandhoomaa Faru
Veyofushi
5° 06'
Eydhafushi
Maarogaali
Maaddoo
Koraidhoo
Maaddoohulhudhoo
Maaneigaa
Gaaviligili
Miriandhoo
Ohgali
5° 03'
Cocoa Palm Dhunikolhu
5° 03'
Kalhunaiboli
Kudadhoo
Thulhaadhoo
Ufuligiri
Hithaadhoo
Maamaduvvaree
5° 00'
5° 00'
Area 7:
OLHUGIRI ISLAND
4° 57'
Core Area
Area Name
1
(Ha)
Mendhoo Region
BIOSPHERE RESERVE NOMINATION 2FORM
Dhigali Haa
A1
Appendix 1.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
4° 54'
34
“CORBIN” Shipwreck
Fulhadhoo
Fehendhoo
Innafushi
Area 8:
GOIDHOO KOARU
Goidhoo
Goidhoo Faru
4° 51'
Mathifaruhuraa Area 9:
Dhashufaru huraa
72° 51'
72° 48'
73° 00'
72° 57'
72° 54'
73° 03'
5
10
kilometres
PROJECTION: Longitude/Latitude
HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
59.25
Hanifaru
467.5
192.6
4
Angafaru
590.8
227.9
5
Maahuruvalhi
1520
352.6
6
Bathala
502.0
200.0
7
Olhugiri
41.95
6.135
8
Goidhoo Koaru
10.34
3.566
9
Dhorukandu
22.6
73° 09'
4° 54'
4° 51'
33.0
1658
1.14%
4° 48'
73° 12' E
Annex 3
LEGEND
0
583
32.19
3
73° 06'
4° 57'
(Ha)
589.8
Total
3050
Percent of Atoll 2.1%
MATHIFARU HURAA ISLAND
4° 48'
Buffer
Reef Flat
Existing Protected Areas
Indicative Reef Boundary
Transition Zone Boundary
Island Vegetation
Baa Atoll Core Areas
with Transition Zone Boundary
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Ministry of Housing & Environment
Map Prepared by CDE Consulting
Island Beach
WARNING
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
5° 10' 7"
meters
1,000
Mendhoo
Name
72° 56' 13"
5° 10' 24"
72° 56' 7"
5° 10' 8"
72°
2000
56’24” E
589.8
Core Area
72° 57' 35"
72° 56' 49"
583
Buffer
72° 56' 18"
5° 10' 39"
C1
WARNING
Nibiligaa
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
Core Area 1.
LEGEND
Core Area
72° 57' 7"
72° 57' 36"
57’36” E
Kanburu faru
Indicative Reef Boundary
Reef flat
72° 57' 9"
72° 57' 10"
57’00” E
72° 56' 46"
5° 10' 10"
72° 56' 20"
Nibiligaa faru
72° 56' 32"
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
0
09’00” N
5°
09’36” N
10’12” N
5° 10' 35"
72° 56' 3"
5° 9' 35"
5° 10' 46"
72° 56' 38"
72° 57' 42"
5° 10' 38"
Island Beach
Island Vegetation
Buffer Zone
5° 10' 0"
72° 58' 31"
5° 10' 55"
Aanugandu faru
72° 58' 24"
58’12” E
72° 58' 3"
72° 58' 4"
72° 57' 57"
72° 58' 18"
Mendhoobinmathi faru
72° 58' 6"
72° 58' 25"
72° 58' 43"
58’48” E
72° 58' 45"
5° 10' 11"
5° 10' 49"
72° 58' 8"
5° 10' 21"
10’48” N
5° 10' 41"
5° 10' 46"
5° 10' 7"
5° 11' 3"
72° 58' 43"
72° 59' 6"
72° 59' 10"
5° 10' 12"
58’48” E
59’24” E
5° 10' 47"
5° 10' 17"
59’24” E
72° 59' 49"
72° 59' 42"
73°
00’00” E
73°
00’00” E
72° 59' 54"
72° 59' 54"
73° 0' 3"
72° 59' 55"
5° 10' 29"
5°
09’00” N
09’36” N
10’12” N
10’48” N
10’84” N
Funded and Issued by:
Prepared by:
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Area 1 : Nibiligaa Region
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
Boragali
Mendhoo falhu
72° 59' 21"
5° 10' 53"
Mendhoo
72° 59' 30"
72° 59' 30"
5° 10' 25"
58’12” E
5° 10' 42"
10’84” N
5° 10' 32"
5° 10' 30"
5° 10' 23"
5° 10' 32"
5° 9' 57"
57’36” E
5° 9' 42"
57’00” E
5° 10' 6"
72°
5° 9' 36"
5° 9' 44"
5° 10' 33"
5° 10' 18"
5° 10' 11"
56’24” E
Core Area 1. Nibiligaa Region
35
5° 10' 51"
meters
350
700
WARNING
73°
01’48” N
73° 1' 51"
5° 8' 56"
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
PROJECTION: Longitude/Latitude
HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
0
08’42” N
5°
09’00” N
5° 9' 8"
5° 8' 48"
73° 1' 55"
73° 1' 56"
73° 1' 58"
5° 9' 1"
02’06” N
73° 2' 1"
73° 2' 8"
5° 9' 10"
Dhigali Giri
73° 2' 6"
Core Area
Indicative Reef Boundary
Reef flat
02’06” N
73° 2' 3"
LEGEND
73° 1' 59"
73° 2' 2"
5° 9' 11"
5° 8' 45"
09’18” N
73°
01’48” N
5° 8' 51"
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
5° 8' 54"
5° 9' 4"
Core Area 2.
5° 8' 58"
Island Beach
Island Vegetation
Buffer Zone
Dhigaliha
73° 2' 17"
02’24” N
73° 2' 23"
5° 8' 45"
02’24” N
73° 2' 22"
5° 8' 39"
5° 8' 52"
73° 2' 26"
73° 2' 27"
5° 8' 47"
36
5° 8' 56"
73° 2' 32"
Core Area
32.19
Name
Dhigali
73° 2' 33"
5° 8' 44"
C2
02’42” N
59.25
Buffer
02’42” N
Funded and Issued by:
Prepared by:
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Area 2 : Dhigaliha Region
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
5°
08’42” N
09’00” N
09’18” N
Core Area 2. Dhigaliha Region
uliv
3
ް ‫ރ ަރންންމަމ ަންންޓ ްޓ‬
ަ ‫ސްޓ ްޕ ޯރާޓންްސް ޕއޯ ެޓ ްންޑ ްއެންޑ ްއެންއެނވްަވަ ަޔ ަޔ‬
3
3 Area 3. Hanifaru Region
Core
5
EE/2009/19
:ު ‫ނަންބަރ‬
‫ަނ‬
‫ނ‬
ް‫ން ިޢޢުލާނ‬
4
4
4
5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73 09’ 16.10”E
5 11’ 03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”E
5. 5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
.53”E
4.73 509’10’
09.15”N, 73 09’ 16.10”E
5 10’ 09.15”N,
16.10”E
5 10’ 18.78”N,
36.88”E
54”E
5.73 508’10’
18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
cSwr urwfinwh
.81”E
.10”E
.88”E
84”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
ް‫ނ‬
north
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
IrwD2cnuawb egurwTIm 200
1
cSwr urwfinwh
north
urwfwgnwa
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
north
2
urwf1wgnwa
5
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
wlitu)nwWfgwn
Wn ckWx
cn6Whodwm
3
3
1
uliv
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
ޭ‫ދި ގ ުތި ލ ަ ިހމެނ‬wlitި‫ަދ‬ugi‫އ‬
d (ާ ‫ ޝާ ކ ް ނ ާސަ ރި )މ ަހާނަ ގ‬،ަ ‫ތި ލ‬
5(3
4
2
1. 5 10’558.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
2.wfcn5 11’
wlitun
od6 03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”E
3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”E
uliv
4
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
5
Imwfi2n0wh0
IrwDcnuawb egcSurwrwTur
north
6
ެ‫ގ‬
wb egurwTIm 200
IrwDcnuanorth
uliv
6
cSwr urwfinwh
200
3
north
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
north
3
ު ‫ދޮންފަނ‬.‫ބ‬5
2 09’
ް ‫ެހުނ‬16.10”E
‫* ކުރ‬
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73
3
5. 5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
4
ް‫ނ‬
1
2
ު ‫ރހައްދ‬
ަ ަ‫އަނގަފަރު ސ‬.‫ ބ‬.3
ު ‫އަތ ޮޅ ު އ ަނގަފަރ ު އ ެވ ެ ކިޔ ާ ފަރ‬.‫މި ސަ ރަޙ ައްދ ަ ީކ ބ‬
138-EE/2009/19 :ު ‫ނަންބަރ‬
4
(
1
ް ‫ )ކުރ ެހުނ‬.ެ ‫ ީމޓަރ ު ިހމެނޭ ސަ ރަހ ައްދ ެވ‬200 ް ‫ފ ެށި ގެނ ް ބޭރަށ‬2 ް ‫މި ފަރުތ ަކ ުގ ެ އުރަފ ަށުނ‬
ް‫ނ‬
3
2 09’
ް ‫ެހުނ‬16.10”E
‫* ކުރ‬
1. 5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73
north
4
2.wfcn5 11’ 03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”E
5. 5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’
36.88”E
wlitun
o
d
4. 5 10’ 18.20”N, 73 06’ 26.58”E
5 11’ 30.16”N, 73 04’ 48.71”E
3. 5 5.10’5 33.64”N,
09’38.17”E
40.81”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N,
73 508’7300.84”E
1. 73
5 05’
10’
58.18”N,
73 07’ 46.53”E
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N,
09’ 16.10”E
10’ 37.50”N,
73
5 11’ 38.87”N, 73 05’ 44.65”E
4
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
2
uliv
2
6
1
3
0
north
ު ‫ރހައްދ‬
ަ ަ‫އަނގަފަރު ސ‬.‫ ބ‬.3
2. 735 04’
11’ 58.82”E
03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”E
5. 5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
6. 5 11’ 05.84”N,
5 10’ 18.50”N, 73 06’ 57.48”E
urwf40.81”E
wgnwa
3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
54
10’ 18.20”N, 73306’ 26.58”E
1. 573
10’05’
58.18”N,
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N,
73
09’
16.10”E
5 10’ 37.50”N,
38.17”E 73 07’ 46.53”E
2
6
IrwDcn36.88”E
uawb egurwTIm 200
5 11’ 05.84”N,
58.82”E73 08’ 46.54”E 1 5. 5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’
2. 573
11’04’
03.33”N,
3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
cSwr urwfinwh
Ir
(ާ ‫ ޝާ ކ ް ނ ާސަ ރި )މ ަހާނަ ގ‬،ަ ‫ދޮންފަނ ު ތި ލ‬.‫އަތ ޮޅ ު އ ަނގަފަރ ު އ ެވ ެ ކިޔ ާ ފަރ ު ބ‬.‫މި ސަ ރަޙ ައްދ ަ ީކ ބ‬
2
(3 ް ‫ )ކުރ ެހުނ‬.ެ ‫ ީމޓަރ ު ިހމެނޭ ސަ ރަހ ައްދ ެވ‬200 ް ‫ ގެނ ް ބޭރަށ‬1ި‫ފ ަށުނ ް ފ ެށ‬8ަ‫ފަރުތ ަކ ުގ ެ އުރ‬ilި‫މ‬ig
7
2
6
9
4
I(rwsWn ckWx ) WgwnWhwm
1
urwfwgnwa 12
uliv
wlitunwfcnod
5
4. 5 10’ 18.20”N, 73 06’ 26.58”E
5. 5 10’ 37.50”N, 73 05’ 38.17”E
6. 5 11’ 05.84”N, 73 04’ 58.82”E
Core Area 3.
3
6
3
wlitugid
north
urwfwgnwa
2
urwfwgnwa
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
iSufcnef
5
6
10
north
north
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C3
.71”E
.65”E
.48”E
.58”E
.17”E
82”E
1
3 38’ 10”N, 72 42
3 37’ 46”N, 72 42
3 36’544”N, 72 42
37 72 43
3 35’ 13”N,
3 34’ 17”N, 72 42
3 33’ 05”N, 72 42
1. 5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
WvWmwj ihiruhef
2.wfcn5 11’ 03.33”N,
73 08’ 46.54”E5
wlitun
o
d
udca138-EE/2009/19
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3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”E
6
4
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
5
33
Core
5 Area 4. Angafaru Region
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73 09’ 16.10”E
18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
:ު ‫ރ‬5.
ަ6.‫ންބ‬55ަ‫ނ‬10’
11’ 36.63”N,
08’
ް ‫މަންޓ‬4ް‫ރނ‬
ަ 73
‫ންވަ ަޔ‬
ެ ‫ އ‬00.84”E
ް ‫ޓްރާންސް ޕޯޓ ް އެންޑ‬
ު ‫ރހައްދ‬
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4
EE/2009/19
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‫ގ‬
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ަ‫ިޢމިޢ ުސަލ ާރ‬
4
1
1. 5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
2. 5 11’ 03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”E
4
3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”E
1. 5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73 09’ 16.10”E
2. 57311’
5. 73509’
10’16.10”E
18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
5 10’ 58.18”N,
07’03.33”N,
46.53”E 73 08’
4. 46.54”E
5 10’ 09.15”N,
3.
5
10’
33.64”N,
73
09’
40.81”E
6.
5
11’
36.63”N,
5 11’ 03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”E
5. 5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E 73 08’ 00.84”E
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73 09’ 16.10”E
5. 5 10’ 2
18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
(3 ް ‫ )ކުރ ެހުނ‬.ެ ‫ ީމޓަރ ު ިހމެނޭ ސަ ރަހ ައްދ ެވ‬200 ް ‫މި ފަރުތ ަކ ުގ ެ އުރަފ ަށުނ ް ފ ެށި ގެނ ް ބޭރަށ‬
5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”E
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
5
10’
09.15”N,
73
09’
16.10”E
4. 5 10’ 18.20”N, 73 06’ 26.58”E
71”E
5 10’ 18.78”N, 73 08’ 36.88”E
5. 73508’10’
37.50”N, 73 05’ 38.17”E
65”E
5 11’ 36.63”N,
00.84”E
cSwr urwfinwh
6. 5 11’ 05.84”N, 73 04’ 58.82”E
48”E
58”E
17”E
82”E
1
6
north
urwfwgnwa
2
1
m 200
north2
4
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
1
5
6
north
2
urwfwgnwa 1
6
north
ެ‫ގ‬
idwa iDwm3
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WvWmwj ihiruhef
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5
7
9
8
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
5
ް‫ނ‬
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urwfwgnwa
north
idwa iDwmcnea
WvWmwj ihiruhef
udcawHwrws
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4
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 20Ir0wDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
5
6
6
2
cSwr urwfinwh
IruwlDicvnuawb egurwTIm 200
1
6
0
north
2
urwfwgn
wa
2
I
3
wlitunwfcnod
6
1. 5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”
4
5
I(rwsWn ckWx ) WgwnWhwm
2.wfcn5 11’ 03.33”N, 73 08’ 46.54”
wlitun
od
3
1. 5 10’ 58.18”N, 73 07’ 46.53”E
itckugWx
2.wfcn5
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3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, w73
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3. 5 10’ 33.64”N, 73 09’ 40.81”
2 09’
ް ‫ެހުނ‬16.10”E
‫* ކުރ‬
4. 5 10’ 09.15”N, 73
73 08’ 36.88”E
45. 5 10’ 18.78”N,
3
6. 5 11’ 36.63”N, 73 08’ 00.84”E
ް‫ނ‬
1
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5
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3
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17
3
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(3 ް ‫ )ކުރ ެހުނ‬.ެ ‫ ީމޓަރ ު ިހމެނޭ ސަ ރަހ ައްދ ެވ‬200 ް ‫ފ ެށި ގެނ ް ބޭރަށ‬2 ް ‫ަކ ުގ ެ އުރަފ ަށުނ‬6.
‫މި ފަރުތ‬3 33’ 05ް ‫ނ‬
7. 3 30’ 16
3
4. 5 10’ 18.20”N,
73
26.58”E
1. 5 11’ 30.16”N, 1.
73 504’
4. 5 10’ 18.20”N,
11’ 48.71”E
30.16”N, 73 04’ 48.71”E
3 06’
ް ‫ެހުނ‬73
‫ރ‬06’
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*
5.
5
10’
37.50”N,
73
05’
38.17”E
2.
5
11’
38.87”N,
73
05’
44.65”E
north
5. 5 10’ 37.50”N, 73 05’
2. 5 11’ 38.87”N, 73 05’ 44.65”E
4 38.17”E
6. 5 11’ 05.84”N, 73 04’ 58.82”E
3. 735 06’
10’26.58”E
18.50”N, 73 06’ 57.48”E
4. 5 10’ 18.20”N,
5 11’ 30.16”N, 73 04’ 48.71”E
6. 5 11’ 05.84”N,
73 504’ 58.82”E
3. 5 10’
18.50”N, 4.
73
06’
57.48”E
urwf
5. 48.71”E
5 10’ 37.50”N,
735 05’
5 11’ 38.87”N,
05’30.16”N,
44.65”E 73 04’
10’38.17”E
18.20”N, 73 06’ 26.58”E
1. 57311’
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
5
2
ް ‫ރޙައްދުގަ ިއ ކުރުން މަނާ ކަން ަތއ ް ަތއ‬
ަ ަ‫އަނގަފަރު ސ‬.‫ އަ ިދ ބ‬2ު‫ހަ ިނފަރ‬.‫ބ‬
6. 44.65”E
5 11’ 05.84”N,
5 10’ 18.50”N,
57.48”E 73 05’
5. 73504’
10’58.82”E
37.50”N, 73 05’ 38.17”E
2. 573
11’06’
38.87”N,
urwfwgnwa
5 10’ 18.20”N,
06’18.50”N,
26.58”E 73 06’ 57.48”E
6. 5 11’ 05.84”N, 73 04’ 58.82”E
3. 57310’
5 10’ 37.50”N, 73 05’ 38.17”E
2
IrwDcnuawb egurwTIm 200
5 11’ 05.84”N, 73 04’ 58.82”E
1
1
IrwD
6
‫ސ އަމ ަލ ެއ ް ކުރ ުނ‬
ް ެ ‫ސ ގ ެއ ްލުމ ެއ ް ނުވަތ ަ ބަދ ަލ ެއ ް އ ަތ ުވ ެދާނ ެ އ ެއ ްވ‬
ް ެ ‫ މި ސަ ރަހ ައްދ ަށ ް އ ެއ ްވ‬.1
6
7
C4
Core Area 4.
iSufcnef
‫ސ ބާވ ަތ ެއ ްގ ެ މ‬
ް ެ ‫ައި އ ެހެނ ް އ ެއ ްވ‬6 ‫ރ ެ އެނ ްވ ެރި ކަނ ް ކުރަމުނ ް އ ައި ގ ޮތ ް ފި ޔަވ‬8 ‫ސ‬
ު ް ‫ަމާނ ުއ‬
‫ ޒ‬.2
ilig
38
9
5
wl
10
itunwfcnod
.(ް ‫ މަނާކަމ ެއ‬5 ި‫ރުމ ަ ީކ މި ސަ ރަހ ައ ްދުގ ައ‬
ު ‫ނ ް ކ‬I(rwަ ‫ކ‬sWި‫ެރ‬n ‫ްވ‬ckWx‫އ)ެނ‬WgwnWްh‫ނ‬wm ެ ‫ދި އްލ ައި ގ‬4
4
I(rwsWn ckWx ) WgwnWhwm
3
wlitugid
.ް ‫ްދުނ ް ގ ަލ ާއި ވ ެއ ްޔ ާއި އަކިރި ނ ެގުނ‬1.‫ހ ައ‬3ަ‫ރ‬
ި‫ މ‬72.3
38’ަ‫ސ‬
10”N,
42
wlitugid
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3 37’ 46”N, 72 42
3 36’ 44”N, 72 42
3 35’ 13”N, 72 43
3 34’ 17”N, 72 42
3 33’ 05”N, 72 42
3 30’ 16”N, 72 43
.ް ‫ސ އ ެއްޗ ެއ ް ނ ެގުނ ް ނުވަތ ަ ހިފުނ‬
ް ެ ‫ މި ސަ ރަހ ައ ްދ ުގ ެ ކ ަނޑ ާއި ފަރ ާއި އ ެއްގ ަމުނ ް އ ެއ ްވ‬.4
1. 5 11’ 30.16”N, 73 04’ 48.71”
Core Area 5. Mahuravalhi Reef Region
51’00” E
51’36” E
72° 50' 52"
13’12” N
5° 12' 57"
5° 13' 3"
5° 13' 6"
72° 50' 52"
52’48” E
Aivafushee Kanduolhi
5° 13' 0"
13’12” N
52’12” E
72° 51' 21"
72° 51' 20"
5° 12' 45"
72°
50’24” E
5° 12' 53"
72° 50' 45"
5° 12' 33"
72° 51' 42"
12’36” N
12’36” N
5° 12' 11"
5° 12' 27"
72° 50' 34"
5° 12' 27"
72° 51' 41"
72° 50' 41"
72° 51' 47"
12’00” N
5° 11' 48"
12’00” N
5° 11' 53"
72° 50' 40"
5° 11' 31"
72° 51' 57"
72° 51' 53"
11’24” N
11’24” N
72° 50' 38"
Maahuruvalhi
72° 50' 43"
5° 11' 4"
5° 11' 13"
5° 11' 15"
72° 50' 31"
10’48” N
5° 10' 31"
72° 50' 44"
5° 10' 26"
5° 10' 24"
10’48” N
72° 52' 20"
72° 52' 14"
72° 50' 36"
5° 9' 54"
72° 52' 25"
72° 52' 18"
5° 9' 52"
72° 50' 28"
5° 9' 52"
72° 50' 21"
5° 9' 54"
10’12” N
5° 10' 13"
10’12” N
5°
5°
09’36” N
51’00” E
50’24” E
72° 51' 42"
5° 9' 28"
5° 9' 24"
72°
72° 51' 8"
5° 9' 31"
72° 51' 32"
72° 51' 3"
Name
5° 9' 17"
Maavaru Kanduolhi
5° 9' 35"
72° 50' 43"
Maahuravalhi
51’36” E
52’12” E
Core Area
Buffer
1520
352.6
52’48” E
LEGEND
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
500
1000
meters
PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
Indicative Reef Boundary
Core Area
WARNING
Prepared by:
Buffer Zone
Island Vegetation
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY
AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Island Beach
Funded and Issued by:
Core Area 5.
0
Area 5 : Mahuravalhi Reef Region
C5
Reef flat
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
09’36” N
39
Core Area 6. Bathalaa Region
73°
02’24” E
03’00” E
03’36” E
04’12” E
04’48” E
05’24” E
06’00” E
22’48” N
73° 3' 46"
22’48” N
5° 22' 23"
5° 22' 16"
22’12” N
73° 3' 12"
73° 3' 12"
Gaagandu Faru
22’12” N
Bathalaa Kanduolhi
Gaagadufaruhuraa
73° 4' 33"
73° 3' 17"
5° 21' 39"
5° 21' 35"
73° 4' 39"
5° 22' 23"
21’36” N
21’36” N
5° 21' 24"
5° 21' 20"
Bathalaa
5° 20' 46"
73° 4' 53”
Huraabeyru Kanduolhi
21’00” N
Vinaneiyfaruhura
5° 20' 30"
5° 20' 44"
73° 4' 60”
73° 3' 52"
73° 3' 47"
21’00” N
5° 20' 54”
73° 3' 57"
73° 3' 53"
20’24” N
5° 20' 16"
73° 4' 15"
5° 20' 26"
20’24” N
Vinaeiy Faru
19’48” N
19’48” N
Vinaeiy Faru
19’12” N
19’12” N
Voavah
C6
Core Area 6.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
18’36” N
40
18’36” N
Voavashu Kanduolhi
5°
5°
Kudarikili
18’00” N
18’00” N
Kihavanhuravalhi
73°
03’00” E
02’24” E
03’36” E
04’12” E
04’48” E
05’24” E
06’00” E
LEGEND
Reef flat
0
500
1000
meters
PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
Indicative Reef Boundary
Core Area
WARNING
Area 6 : Bathalaa Region
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Prepared by:
Buffer Zone
Island Vegetation
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY
AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
Island Beach
Funded and Issued by:
5°
0
54’00” E
72°
meters
300
Bodu Kanduolhi
600
5° 0' 6"
72° 54' 7"
C7
WARNING
72° 54' 8"
72° 54' 14"
LEGEND
Olhugiri
72° 54' 17"
72° 54' 17"
Core Area
5° 0' 14"
72° 54' 27"
72° 54' 34"
72° 54' 34"
54’36” E
72° 54' 35"
Island Beach
Island Vegetation
Buffer Zone
72° 54' 28"
72° 54' 29"
72° 54' 27"
Indicative Reef Boundary
Reef flat
54’18” E
5° 0' 17"
72° 54' 22"
54’36” E
5° 0' 3"
54’18” E
72° 54' 18"
5° 0' 14"
72° 54' 11"
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
Core Area 7.
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
4° 59' 58"
72° 54' 7"
5° 0' 6"
4° 59' 59"
PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
00’00” N
72° 54' 6"
4° 59' 55"
5° 0' 17"
4° 59' 55"
4° 59' 54"
5° 0' 16"
4° 59' 57"
4° 59' 57"
5° 0' 6"
5° 0' 2"
00’18” N
54’00” E
72°
Olhugiri Kanduolhi
54’54” E
54’54” E
41.95
Olhugiri
55’12” E
6.135
Buffer
00’00” N
5°
00’18” N
Funded and Issued by:
Prepared by:
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
AREA 8: OLHUGIRI ISLAND
Core Area
Name
Hithaadhoo
55’12” E
Core Area 7. Olhughiri Island
41
meters
1,000
2000
WARNING
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
0
52’39” N
4°
52’48” N
52’57” N
72°
72° 59' 52"
LEGEND
72°
59’51” E
72° 59' 52"
72° 59' 52"
59’51” E
Core Area
Indicative Reef Boundary
Reef flat
72° 59' 53"
72° 59' 54"
4° 52' 47"
72° 59' 54"
4° 52' 46"
72° 59' 53"
4° 52' 45"
4° 52' 41"
72° 59' 58"
72° 59' 57"
4° 52' 50"
Buffer Zone
73°
00’00” E
72° 59' 59"
73°
00’00” E
4° 52' 54"
73° 0' 1"
73° 0' 1"
4° 52' 52"
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
73° 0' 4"
73° 0' 2"
4° 52' 43"
4° 52' 50"
4° 52' 41"
73° 0' 4"
73° 0' 4"
4° 52' 51"
4° 52' 50"
4° 52' 49"
Core Area 8.
4° 52' 47"
4° 52' 44"
4° 52' 42"
73° 0' 5"
4° 52' 44"
42
4° 52' 45"
4° 52' 47"
73° 0' 7"
00’09” E
73° 0' 8"
73° 0' 9"
00’09” E
4° 52' 50"
C8
10.34
Goidhoo
3.566
Buffer
Funded and Issued by:
Prepared by:
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Area 9 : Goidhoo Koaru
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
Core Area
Name
4°
52’39” N
52’48” N
52’57” N
Core Area 8. Goidhoo Koaru
C9
meters
1,000
2,000
THIS MAP IS INDICATIVE ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED
FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES.
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll Plan of Management
Core Area 9.
WARNING
72°
52’48” E
PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84;
All features based satellite imagery 2003-2008
Prepared in May 2010
0
48’00” N
4°
48’36” N
49’12” N
72° 53' 14”
72° 53' 10”
LEGEND
4° 49' 12"
4° 48' 49"
Mathifaruhuraa
4° 49' 6"
72° 53' 26”
72° 53' 17”
4° 48' 48"
4° 48' 58"
4° 49' 8"
Core Area
Indicative Reef Boundary
Reef flat
53’24” E
72° 53' 27”
49’48” N
53’24” E
72° 53' 37”
50’24” N
72°
52’48” E
Island Beach
Island Vegetation
Buffer Zone
54’00” E
Dhorukandu
54’00” E
Dh
ru h
ur a
54’36” E
ufa
as h
54’36” E
a
55’12” E
55’12” E
4°
48’00” N
48’36” N
49’12” N
49’48” N
50’24” N
Funded and Issued by:
Prepared by:
Ministry of Transport, Housing & Environment
Atoll Ecosystem Conservation (AEC) Project
Area 10 : Mathifaru Huraa Island
Baa Atoll Marine Protected Areas
55’48” E
55’48” E
Core Area 9. Mathifaru Huraa Island
43
Zonation System for the
Baa Atoll
Plan of Management
Zonation System for the Baa Atoll
Plan of Management
May 2011 Revised Version 1.1