Download Read Chapter 17, Section 1 to locate information on the following:

Read Chapter 19, Section 1 to locate information on the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the pressure of 1 atmosphere? 1kg/square cm
What is the equivalent measure in millibars for 1 atmosphere? 1013.2mb
What device is used for measuring atmospheric pressure? Barometer
What 3 factors control wind? Differences in pressure (greater the difference in pressure
=> greater wind speed); the Coriolis Effect (increases with wind speed); and Friction
(decreases wind speed and decreases the Coriolis Effect)
5. Which pressure systems have the highest wind speeds: Low Pressure or High Pressure?
Low Pressure systems have the highest wind speeds.
6. What do isobars illustrate? Isobars indicate the pressure gradients between and within a
system of Low of High Pressure. Closely spaced isobars indicate high winds caused by a
steep gradient and widely spaced isobars indicate light winds caused by a weak pressure
gradient.
7. Air moves from an area of high
pressure toward an area of
low
pressure.
8. Air in the Northern Hemisphere is deflected by the Coriolis Effect in which direction? To
the right
9. Air in the Southern Hemisphere is deflected by the Coriolis Effect in which direction? To
the left
10. Which of the 3 factors controlling wind occur in upper level winds? Pressure gradients
and the Coriolis Effect
11. Which of the 3 factors controlling wind occur at earth’s surface? Friction
12.
Jet Streams
lie above the friction layer, where air can move like a river
flowing 120 – 240 km/hr.
Read Chapter 19, Section 2 to locate information on the following:
1. What types of condition are generally associated with low pressure systems? Cloudy
conditions with precipitation
2. What types of condition are generally associated with high pressure systems? Fair
conditions with clear skies
3. Low pressure systems are referred to as
cyclones
and the winds blow inward
.
4. High pressure systems are referred to as
anticyclones
and the winds blow
outward
.
5. Describe the differences in wind deflection by the Coriolis Effect between the Northern
and Southern Hemisphere. Winds are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
Winds are deflected to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
6. Complete the following table:
Vertical movement of air Type of Pressure System
Type of weather
Rising
Low/ cyclonic
Clouds/precipitation
Sinking
High/anticyclonic
Clear skies
7. Create an illustration of earth’s Hadley Cells. Be sure to include arrows noting the
direction and temperature of air flow around the cells and also label and describe the
following:
Trade winds
Located between the equator and subtropical highs in both
hemispheres; blow constantly from east to west
Equatorial low
A region of low pressure found along the equator. The trade winds
move toward this low pressure
Polar easterlies
Winds that blow constantly toward the east and from the polar
regions
Westerlies
Winds that are deflected off the trade winds and driven back in a
westward direction; interact with polar easterlies
Polar front
Areas where warm air masses (from westerlies) and cool air masses
(from polar easterlies) meet and often produce stormy regions.
8. Why is there a continuous subpolar low pressure belt located in the Southern
Hemisphere? The ocean is uninterrupted by the continental landmasses that exist in the
Northern Hemisphere.
Read Chapter 19, Section 3 to locate information on the following:
1. What are 3 geographic factors that can affect local winds? Land, water, and topography
2. Complete the following table to gain a better understanding of land, sea, valley and
mountain breezes:
Geographic
Direction of
Day/Night
Cause
Feature
wind
Land heats up faster than water; air over land
Sea
Toward land
Day
Land
Toward sea
Night
Valley
Upslope
Day
Mountain
Downslope
Night
rises, low pressure appears on land; air moves
toward land.
Lands cools faster that water; air over land sinks,
high pressure forms on land; air moves out toward
sea.
Air along slopes heats faster than air above the
valley and begins to rise (less dense)
Air along slopes cools faster than air above the
valley; denser air sinks down the slope.
3. Match the following scale with the correct wind direction:
0 degrees
90 degrees
180 degrees
270 degrees
360 degrees
N
E
S
W
N
4. During our summers, the wind blows more often from a southwesterly direction. During
our winters, the wind blows more often from a northeasterly direction. These are known as
our
prevailing
winds
.
5. Wind speed is measured using an
anemometer
.
6. Which cold water current creates upwelling along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru and
helps support a thriving fishing industry? Peruvian Current
7. Illustrate and describe the oceanic changes that create an El Nino event. See page 546
8. How does the jet stream over the US change during an El Nino event as compared with
normal conditions? The polar jet (northwest coast) pushes further northward into Canada
before sliding down across the Midwest and then bend back northeastward as is collides
with the subtropical jet moving across the southern US. This creates wetter winters for the
southeastern US. In a normal year, the polar jet moves across the Pacific Northwest and
upper Midwest, before gliding past New England and the Maritime Provinces.
9. Which event is associated with the occurrence of more hurricanes in the US? La Nina