Download 1. Which band of the electromagnetic spectrum has: a. the lowest

../ Refraction is the bending of a wave front as the wave front passes between two
substances in which the speed of the wave differs
../ The angle of refraction 8r is the angle between the refracted ray and normal line
../ Refraction occurs when light's velocity changes
../ When light moves from one medium to another, part of it is reflected and part is
refracted; the frequency of the light does not change during refraction
../ When the light ray moves from air into glass, the refracted ray is bent toward the
normal; when the light ray moves from glass to air is bent away from the normal
../ The index of refraction is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of
light in a given transparent medium; indices of refraction are in the reference table
../ If the light moves from medium 1 to medium 2., Snell's law determines the angle
of refraction 82:
nlsin81 = n2sin82
../ A lens is a transparent object that refracts light rays such that they converge or
diverge to create and image
../ When rays of light pass through a converging lens (thicker at the middle), they
are bent inward; when they pass through a diverging lens (thicker at the edge),
they are bent outward
../ Farsightedness can be corrected with converging lenses; nearsightedness can be
corrected with diverging lenses
../ The total internal reflection is the complete reflection that takes place within a
substance when the angle of incidence of light striking the surface boundary is
greater than the critical angle
../ The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which the refracted light makes an
angle of 90° with the normal
./ Total internal reflection occurs only when the light moves from a medium with
higher index of reaction to one medium with lower index of refraction
../ Mirage is produced by the bending of light rays in the atmosphere when there are
large temperature difference between the ground and the air
1. Which band of the electromagnetic spectrum has:
a. the lowest frequency?
b. the shortest wavelength?
2. Suppose an intelligent society capable of receiving and
transmitting radio signals lives on a planet orbiting Procyon, a
star 95 light-year away from Earth. If ~ signal were sent toward
Procyon in 1999, what is the earliest year that Earth could
expect to receive a return message?
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3. For each of the objects listed below, identify whether light
is reflected diffusely or specularly.
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b.
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a concrete driveway
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an undisturbed pond spec4'~rl~
a polished silver tray s-pecl.4lo.v-I'f
a sheet of paper d~ttlA.S~ l~
a projection screen in a movie theater
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4. If you are stranded on an island, where would you align
mirror to use sunlight to signal a searching aircraft?
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s. If you are standing 2.0 m in front of flat mirror, how far
behind the mirror is your image? What is the magnification?
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6. When you shine flashlight across a room, you see the beam of
light on the wall. Why do you not see the light in the air?
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7. A flat mirror that is 0.85 m tall is attached to a wall so
that its upper edge is 1.7 m above the floor. Use the law of
reflection and a ray diagram to determine if this mirror will
show a person show is 1.7 m tall his or her complete reflection.
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8. Two flat mirrors make an angle
of 90.0° with each other, as shown
at right. An incoming ray makes
an angle of 35° with the normal
of mirror A. Use the law of
reflection to determine the angle
of reflection from mirror B.
What is unusual about the incoming
and reflected rays of light for
this arrangement of mirrors?
Mirror B
Mirror A
9. Explain why a polarizing disk used to analyze light can block
light from a beam that has been passed through another polarizer.
What is the relative orientation of the two polarizing disks?
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A light ray of wavelength 589 nm (produced by a sodium lamp)
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at an angle of 30.0° to the normal. Find the angle of refraction.
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11. Find the angle of refraction for a ray of light that enters a
bucket of water from air at angle of 25.0° to the normal.
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13. Find the critical angle for a water-air boundary.
14. Glycerine is used to make soap and other personal care
products. Find the critical angle for light traveling from
glycerine (n=1.473) into water (n=1.333).
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15. As light travels from a vacuum (n=l) to a medium such as
glass (n>l), does its wavelength change? Does its velocity
change? Does it frequency change?
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16. The diagram shows a light ray
(5.09 x 1014 Hz) in air, incident on a
boundary with fused quartz. At the
boundary, part of the light is refracted
and part of the light is reflected.
Normal
a. Using a protractor, measure the angle
of incidence of the light ray at the airfused quartz boundary.
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b. Calculate the angle of refraction of
the incident light ray.
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c. Using a protractor and straightedge,
construct the refracted light ray in the
fused quartz on the diagram.
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d. Using a protractor and straightedge,
construct the reflected light rayon the
diagram. ~ lSo
17. A ray of monochromatic light
having a frequency of 5.09 x 1014
Hz is incident on an
interface of air and corn oil at
an angle of 350 as shown. The ray
is transmitted through
parallel layers of corn oil and
glycerol and is then reflected
from the surface of a plane
mirror, located below and
parallel to the glycerol layer.
The ray then emerges from the
corn oil back into the air at
point P.
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a. Calculate the angle of refraction of the light ray as it enters the
corn oil from air.
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b. Explain why the ray does not bend at the corn oil-glycerol
interface.
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c. On the diagram, use a protractor and straightedge to construct the
refracted ray representing the light emerging at point P into air.
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