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Module 3: Introduction to Cancer Knowledge Learning Objective: To identify unique risk factors, tests and treatments of cancer By the end of this module, participants will be able to: 1. Describe cancer 2. Describe the process by which cancer spreads 3. Describe characteristics of cancer cells 4. Describe the importance of cancer screening tests and early detection 5. Describe staging and its importance in cancer treatment 6. Describe different treatments for specific cancers Teaching Methods: Attend lecture on cancer 101 Receive information on specific cancers from providers during facility tours Tour cancer diagnostic and treatment facilities, including treatment rooms and equipment Talk story with cancer patients and their families Complete worksheets on specific cancers Add to resource binder Ho`okele i ke Ola Training Curriculum Module 3 January/February 2011 1 Module Outline 1. Cancer and the cancer disease process a. Definition of Cancer b. Characteristics of cancer cells c. Cancer disease process 2. Risk factors for cancer and cancer risk reduction a. Environment b. Lifestyle c. Heredity d. Cancer Risk Reduction 3. Cancer Screening and early detection a. Cancer Screening b. Barriers to Cancer Screening c. Cancer Early Detection 4. Cancer treatments a. Breast Cancer b. Lung Cancer c. Colorectal Cancer d. Prostate Cancer e. Cervical Cancer 2 Jan/Feb 2011 Module 3 Ho`okele i ke Ola Training Curriculum Module Presentations A sample of presentations that address the unique risk factors, tests, and treatments of specific cancers. Cancer 101 Medical Oncologist at a hospital in Honolulu Lung Cancer Surgical Oncologist at a hospital on O`ahu Prostate Cancer Cancer Survivor and Volunteer for a Prostate Cancer Support Group on O`ahu Tour The Queen’s Cancer Center and Queen’s Medical Center Breast Cancer Native Hawaiian Oncologist at a hospital in Honolulu Pediatric Cancers Clinical Nurse Specialist in the Pediatric Oncology department at a Honolulu Hospital Gynecologic Tumor Board at a hospital in Honolulu Gynecologic Cancers Gynecological Oncologist at a hospital in Honolulu Tour of Kuakini Health System Colorectal Cancer Surgical Oncologist at a hospital on O`ahu Module 3 Ho`okele i ke Ola Training Curriculum Jan/Feb 2011 3 What is Cancer? Cancer refers to a group of more than 100 diseases that begin in cells. It develops when cells grow (divide) and form more cells without control or order. This abnormal growth of cells can damage and destroy normal tissue, disrupt normal function and possibly cause death. How does cancer spread? The process by which cancer spreads from the original site to another part of the body is called metastasis. Cancer cells can then be spread by directly to the same area, carried by the lymphatic system, or carried by the blood to distant organs. What is cancer screening? Checking for cancer in a person who does not have symptoms of the disease is called cancer screening. Medical screening tests are effective tools in the early detection of cancer. A few cancers have specific screening tests that aid in detecting cancer early. Screening tests for some cancers can detect precancerous changes that can be removed or destroyed e.g. colorectal cancer and polyps/adenomas, skin cancer and a-typical moles. A person’s chance for a full recovery is better if cancer is detected and treated early. The goal of early detection is to discover and stop a cancerous tumor before it grows and spreads (metastasizes). How to reduce cancer risk? Some types of cancer are related to lifestyle, or how we live and what choices we make. Some ways to reduce cancer risk are to: 4 Maintain a healthy weight Get at least 30 minutes of physical activity each day Don’t smoke Eat a healthy diet Limit alcohol consumption Protect yourself from the sun Protect yourself and your partner from sexually transmitted diseases Jan/Feb 2011 Module 3 Ho`okele i ke Ola Training Curriculum