Download Earth Science Semester 1 Final Review

Earth Science Semester 1 Final Review The first semester final will include Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 from the Earth Science text. Use this outline as a guide to study for your Earth Science Final. Make notes, according to the instructions or by answering the following questions. Answers can be found by using the textbook, your notes, and/or completed worksheets. Chapter 1 Final Review Ch. 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1. Know & understand the four main branches of Earth Science: Astronomy-­‐ Meteorology-­‐ Geology-­‐ Oceanography-­‐ 2. Know the most common SI unit used to measure mass. 3. Know the most common metric unit used to measure length. 4. Know how to convert kilometers to meters. 5. Know the boiling point and freezing point of water in Celcius. 6. Know & understand the four major Earth systems: Geosphere-­‐ Hydrosphere-­‐ Atmosphere-­‐ Biosphere-­‐ 7. Draw and label the layers of the Earth, including the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core: 8. Know the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. 9. Know the difference between latitude and longitude. 10. Know the difference between the equator and the prime meridian. Chapter 2: States of Matter 11. Know the definitions for the four states of matter: Solid-­‐ Liquid-­‐ Gas-­‐ Plasma-­‐ 12. Know the names for the changes between each state of matter: Sublimation-­‐ Condensation-­‐ Freeze-­‐ Melt-­‐ Ionization-­‐ Evaporation-­‐ Ch. 2.2 & 2.3: Minerals 1. Know what the second most abundant element is the Earth’s crust is. 2. Know which state of matter all minerals exist in. 3. Know what luster, cleavage, and streak are and what they are used for. 4. Know the four characteristics that define a mineral. 5. Know what an ore is. 6. Know what the three main mineral groups are. 7. Know the difference between an open pit mine and an underground mine. 8. Know which minerals are the softest and hardest according to the Mohs Hardness Scale, using the numbers 1-­‐10. Ch. 3: Rocks 1. Know how igneous rocks are formed. 2. Know the type of mineral that igneous rocks are mostly composed of. 3. Know which factors affect a rock’s melting point. 4. Know the difference between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks. 5. Know what valuable materials are often associated with igneous intrusions. 6. Know the difference between felsic igneous rocks and mafic igneous rocks and be able to give an example of each. 7. Know what feature can be used to estimate the relative cooling rates of igneous rocks. 8. Know that gravel deposited in a silt bed is most likely to produce a fragmental sedimentary rock. 9. Know what lithification is. 10. Know the difference between clastic sedimentary rock, organic sedimentary rock, and chemical sedimentary rock. 11. Know where you could drive to in just a few hours to see a great example of chemical sedimentary rock. 12. Know which type of sedimentary rock you would most likely find fossils in. 13. Know the difference between contact metamorphic rocks, regional metamorphic rocks, and hydrothermal metamorphic rocks. 14. Know the sequence in which sediments in a river get deposited as the water slows down. 15. Know what graded bedding is. 16. Know what deposition is. 17. Know how oil and gas resources are produced. Ch. 4: Earth’s Resources 1. Know what vein deposits are and what produces them. 2. Know where placer deposits form. 3. Know which two of the three rock formation processes produce most metallic ores and whether the process is considered to be renewable or not. (Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?) 4. Describe the different types of alternate energy resources. Include benefits and limitations of each. Nuclear energy – Solar energy – Wind energy – Geothermal energy – Hydroelectric energy – 5. Be able to read and use a pie chart to determine the main causes of air pollution. 6. Know the order in which the different types of coal form. 7. Compare and contrast renewable and nonrenewable resources. Include examples of each. Renewable resources – Nonrenewable resources – Ch. 5: Weathering, Soil and Mass Movements 1. Compare and contrast erosion and weathering. Erosion – Weathering – 2. Compare and contrast mechanical weathering and physical weathering. Include examples of each. Mechanical weathering – Physical weathering – 3. Know the factors that affect the rate of weathering in rocks: 1) 2) 3) 4. Know the definition of soil and what the main source of organic matter in soil is. 5. Know the three main factors that affect the rate of soil erosion: 1) 2) 3) 6. Know the conditions that would allow for the greatest amount of soil formation. 7. Know what mass movements are and the factors that commonly trigger mass movements. 8. Know which season would most likely experience mass movements and why. 9. Know what the main force behind mass movements is. 10. Know what unloading is and what it creates.