Download Ast ch 4-5 practice Test

Ast ch 4-5 practice Test
Multiple Choice
____
1. The distance from Alexandria to Syene is about 500 miles. On the summer solstice the sun is directly
overhead at noon in Syene. At Alexandria on the summer solstice, the sun is 1/50th of the circumference of
the sky (about 7 ) south of the zenith. Based on this information, what is the circumference of Earth?
a. 25,000 miles
b. 10 miles
c. 3500 miles
d. 3140 miles
e. 6480 miles
____
2. The book "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium"
a. describes how Galileo's observations and Kepler's calculations proved the Copernican
theory.
b. describes the construction of Galileo's telescope and his observations.
c. is a dialog written to convince the general public of the merits of the Copernican theory.
d. first described the Copernican theory.
e. describes the Tychonian theory.
____
3. The Copernican system was no more accurate than the Ptolemaic system in predicting the positions of the
planets because
a. the Copernican system used the old value for the radius of Earth.
b. Copernicus had been unable to detect parallax.
c. the Copernican system included uniform circular motion.
d. in the Copernican system only Mercury and Venus orbit the sun, all other planets orbited
Earth.
e. Copernicus used inaccurate data from Ptolemy's system.
____
4. A ____ is a commonly accepted set of scientific ideas and assumptions.
a. theory
b. paradigm
c. hypothesis
d. natural law
e. model
____
5. A ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested.
a. hypothesis
b. paradigm
c. natural law
d. model
e. theory
____
6. Saturn is on average 10 AU from the sun. What is the approximate orbital period of Saturn?
a. 10 years
b. 32 years
c. 100 years
d. 1000 years
e. 1,000,000 years
____
7. An apparent westward motion of a planet in the sky compared to the background stars (as viewed from the
Earth) when observed on successive nights is referred to as
a. epicycle
b. retrograde motion
c. prograde motion
d. heliocentric motion
e. deferent
____
8. According to Aristotle an object with no forces in it will
a. move faster and faster.
b. stop moving eventually.
c. move at a constant speed forever.
____
9. According to Galileo, the acceleration of a freely falling object due to gravity is ____ the larger the mass of
the object.
a. larger
b. smaller
c. always the same
____ 10. Galileo found that
a. falling objects fall at a constant speed.
b. heavy and light objects fall at the same rate.
c. heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects.
d. the moon's orbit is elliptical.
e. only objects made of earth and water fell to the ground.
____ 11. Gravity obeys the inverse square law. This statement implies that the gravitational force of one body on
another will be ____ apart.
a. two times stronger at 2 meters than at 6 meters
b. three times stronger at 2 meters than at 6 meters
c. six times weaker at 2 meters than at 6 meters
d. nine times stronger at 2 meters than at 6 meters
e. The brightness of the force will not change with distance between the two bodies.
____ 12. The circular velocity of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
. In this equation,
M represents the mass of the satellite, and r is its radius.
M represents the mass of Earth and r the radius of Earth.
M represents the mass of the satellite and r the distance from Earth to the satellite.
M represents the mass of Earth and r the distance from Earth to the satellite.
M represents the mass of the satellite and r the distance from Earth's surface to the
satellite.
____ 13. A(n) ____ orbit is one where the orbiting object is always above the same location on Earth's surface.
a. elliptical
b. geosynchronous
c. closed
d. hyperbolic
e. parabolic
____ 14. The radius of Earth is 6378 km. The force of gravity on a 1 kg ball at Earth's surface is 9.8 kg m s 2. What is
the force of gravity on this same ball when the ball is located 12,756 km from Earth's center?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
G = 6.67 10
2.45 kg m s 2
39.2 kg m s 2
4.9 kg m s 2
19.6 kg m s 2
9.8 kg m s 2
11
N m2 kg
2
____ 15. What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth's center?
G = 6.67 10
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11
N m2 kg
2
2 m/s
20 m/s
200 m/s
2000 m/s
20,000 m/s
____ 16. One of the first tests of the general theory of relativity was
a. the description of the orbit of the moon.
b. the determination of the speed of light to be constant.
c. the change in mass of a particle moving at a high speed.
d. the demonstration of a hammer and a feather falling at the same rate on the moon.
e. the determination of the rate of advance of the perihelion of Mercury's orbit.
____ 17. If the mass of the Earth decreased by a factor of two with no change in radius, your weight would
a. increase by a factor of 4.
b. increase by a factor of 2.
c. stay the same.
d. decrease by a factor of 2
e. decrease by a factor of 4.
____ 18. The force due to gravity between two objects depends on
I.
the mass of each object.
II.
the distance each object is from Earth.
III. the distance between the two objects.
IV. the speed of light.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I & II
I & III
II & IV
I, II, & III
I, II, III, & IV
____ 19. Since gravity behaves as an inverse square relation the force due to gravity between two masses
a. will increase as the distance between the two masses increases.
b. will decrease as the square of the distance between the two masses increases.
c. will cause the two masses to move away from each other.
d. will cause the two masses to move in a straight line.
e. will cause the two masses to orbit each other.
____ 20. Which type of curve would accurately represent a closed orbit?
a. ellipse
b. hyperbola
c. parabola
d. straight line
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 21. Viewed from the center of Stonehenge, the summer solstice sun rises behind the Heelstone.
____ 22. Parallax is the apparent change in location of an object due to the motion of the observer.
____ 23. Many classical astronomers believed Earth could not move because they detected no parallax.
____ 24. The Ptolemaic model of the universe was heliocentric.
____ 25. Classical Greek astronomers believed the motions of the heavens could be described by uniform circular
motion.
____ 26. The Copernican model of the solar system has the planets orbit the sun along elliptical paths.
____ 27. Copernicus was the first to propose that Earth moves around the sun.
____ 28. Galileo wrote the Almagest.
____ 29. Galileo used a telescope to observe the phases of Venus.
____ 30. If a planet orbits the sun at a distance of 4 AU, then its orbital period is 8 years.
____ 31. Kepler's 2nd of planetary motion states that the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus.
____ 32. Kepler completed the Rudolphine Tables.
____ 33. Galileo believed that motion stopped in the absence of a force.
____ 34. The force due to gravity has the mathematical form:
.
____ 35. The law of gravitation is termed universal because it is a property of all material objects.
____ 36. Changing the direction of a moving body does not change its velocity.
____ 37. The lunar tides on Earth are making the moon recede from Earth.
____ 38. The apparent positions of stars around the sun during an eclipse have been used to prove the general theory of
relativity.
____ 39. The neap tides can only occur when the Moon's position is at or near one of its orbital nodes.
____ 40. The spring tides occur during the new and full lunar phases.
Completion
Complete each statement.
41. ____________________ is a description of the Ptolemaic model of the solar system.
42. The first observations of objects in the solar system that orbit neither the sun nor Earth were made by
____________________.
43. Uranus' orbital period is 84 years. How far is Uranus from the sun? ____________________
44. Tables based on a heliocentric model of the universe which used elliptical orbits for the planets were more
accurate than ____________________.
45. The modern first astronomer to propose a heliocentric model for the solar system was
____________________.
46. The ____________________ of a particle is the mass we would measure if the particle were not moving.
47. A ball is dropped from the top of a science building. What is the speed of the ball after falling for three
seconds?
48. The ____________________ states that an observer cannot distinguish locally the difference between inertial
forces due to acceleration and uniform gravitational forces due to the presence of a massive object.
49. What is the speed of light in meters per second?
50. Once a theory has been tested thoroughly and is confidently believed by scientists it becomes a
____________________.