Download Science 1206 - Naming and Writing Formulas for Chemical

Science 1206 - Naming and Writing Formulas for Chemical Compounds
NAME:____________________________
IUPAC
!
!
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists
This is a global organization that sets the standards in chemistry.
One job of the IUPAC is to give compounds SYSTEMIC NAMES.
SECTION OUTLINE
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BOHR DIAGRAMS FOR ATOMS
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TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS
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MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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TYPES
#
SIMPLE COVALENT
#
COMMON NAME
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BOHR DIAGRAMS FOR IONS
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IONIC COMPOUNDS
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SIMPLE IONIC
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MULTIVALENT
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POLYATOMIC/COMPLEX
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HYDRATED IONIC
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ACIDS
BOHR DIAGRAMS FOR ATOMS
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Bohr diagrams, also called ____________________________, are a means of
drawing atoms in a 2-D manner.
!
Keep in mind that atoms are actually 3-D, and there are more complex
representations of atoms.
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Bohr models always include the _______________ and the
_________________________ of an atom.
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There are 3 types of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES found in the nucleus:
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PROTONS (_____)
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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ELECTRONS (_____)
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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NEUTRONS (_____)
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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NUCLEUS
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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3 Levels
First Level (Closest to Nucleus) __________________
Second Level
__________________
Third Level (Outermost)
__________________
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VALENCE LEVEL
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Definition:_________________________________________________
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Electrons in this level are called:____________________
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Atoms with FULL valence shells are STABLE, meaning they will not bond
with other atoms in normal conditions.
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The atoms of Group ____, the _______________, have full valence
levels.
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Atoms that do not have full electron energy levels are unstable and must
__________, __________, or __________ electrons to be stable.
ATOMIC NUMBER
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Located in the top of each element box on the periodic table
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ATOMIC NUMBER = ___________________________
ATOMIC MASS (Molar Mass)
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Located in the bottom of each element box on the periodic table
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Round it off for calculating.
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ATOMIC MASS = __________________________________________
EXAMPLE:
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DRAW BOHR DIAGRAMS FOR:
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Li - lithium atom
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Ne - neon atom
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S - sulfur atom
HOMEWORK:
Do WORKSHEET on following page.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS
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CHEM ICAL BONDS
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DEFINITION:___________________________________________________________
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There are 2 TYPES OF Chem ical Bonds:
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COVALENT
#
IONIC
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COVALENT BONDS
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AKA:_____________________________
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“co” - ______________________________, “valent” - ___________________________
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DEFINITION:
_______________________________________________________________
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IONIC BONDS
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DEFINITION:
_______________________________________________________________
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BETW EEN:________________________________________________
Solutions of covalently bonded substances are __________________________.
BETW EEN:________________________________________________
Solutions of ionic bonded substances are ______________________________.
Com pounds consist of atom s or ions of two or m ore elem ents bonded together.
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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Form when ________________ share electrons in ___________________.
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2 TYPES:
"
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BINARY Molecular Compounds
TRIVIAL NAME Molecular Compounds
BINARY Molecular Compounds
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Also called SIMPLE molecular compounds.
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Binary Molecular Compounds use IUPAC prefixes:
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We will write these prefixes in the following table.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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GIVEN MOLECULAR FORMULA, WRITE NAME
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RULES:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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EXAMPLE:
#
N2O4
#
P2O5
#
CCl4
_________________________
_____________________________________
_________________________
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GIVEN MOLECULAR NAME, WRITE FORMULA
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RULES:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
EXAMPLE
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carbon monoxide
_______________
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triphosphorus pentabromide
_______________
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sulfur hexafluoride
_______________
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TRIVIAL NAME Molecular Compounds
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Also called COMMON NAME molecular compounds
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There are SOME molecular compounds that still go by their common
names.
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These common names must be memorized:
FORM ULA
TRIVIAL/COM M ON NAM E
O3
H 2O
H 2O 2
NH 3
CH 4
CH 3OH
C 2H 5OH
C 6H 12O 6
C 12H 22O 11
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HOMEWORK:
Complete the 3 sheets on the following pages.
IONS
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RECALL:
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As mentioned earlier, atoms other than the NOBLE GASES are unstable,
and need to GAIN, LOSE, or SHARE ELECTRONS to become more
stable.
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If they SHARE electrons, this forms a COVALENT BOND to another
atom.
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If they LOSE or GAIN electrons, atoms become IONS and form IONIC
BONDS with other atoms.
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OCTET RULE
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__________________________________________________________
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WHAT IS AN ION?
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Ions are ____________________ that have lost or gained electrons to
achieve the valence configuration of a noble gas.
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TWO TYPES:
CATIONS
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_____________ ions that are formed from a __________ of
electrons.
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It has more ___________ than ______________ and
therefore has a net _________________ charge.
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_____________ form cations.
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MEMORY TOOL:__________________________________
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EXAMPLE - lithium ion
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ANIONS
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_____________ ions that are formed from a __________ of
electrons.
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It has more ___________ than ______________ and
therefore has a net _________________ charge.
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change the ending of the name of anions to ________
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_____________ form anions.
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MEMORY TOOL:__________________________________
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EXAMPLE - fluoride ion
BOHR DIAGRAMS FOR IONS
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METALS
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ATOMS of METALS will LOSE electrons to become CATIONS.
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ATOMS with 1, 2, or 3 VALENCE electrons will LOSE these electrons to
form 1+, 2+, or 3+ ions respectively.
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GROUP 1 ATOMS - ____________________
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________ valence electrons(s)
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________ ion
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GROUP 2 ATOMS - ____________________
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________ valence electrons(s)
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________ ion
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GROUP 3 ATOMS
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________ valence electrons(s)
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________ ion
NONMETALS
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ATOMS of NONMETALS will GAIN electrons to become ANIONS.
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ATOMS With 5, 6, or 7 VALENCE electrons will GAIN more electrons to
form 3-, 2-, or 1- ions respectively.
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GROUP 15 ATOMS
#
________ valence electrons(s)
#
________ ion
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GROUP 16 ATOMS
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________ valence electrons(s)
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________ ion
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GROUP 17 ATOMS - ___________________
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________ valence electrons(s)
#
________ ion
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GROUP 18 ATOMS - __________________
FULL outer valence levels
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TO DRAW:
"
!
Draw a Bohr diagram for:
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A sodium atom AND a sodium ion
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A chlorine atom AND a chloride ion
HOMEWORK:
Do the following 2 worksheets for homework.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
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Form when at least _______________________ transfer electrons in an
_____________________.
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Metals will become CATIONS and ___________ electrons and nonmetals will
become ANIONS and ___________ electrons.
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These ions, with opposite charges, attract, and form ionic bonds.
!
!
!
Unlike covalent bonds, these bonds are not “ACTUAL BONDS,” but forces of
attraction between oppositely charged ions.
They stay together in a _________________________.
EXAMPLE - NaCl
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3 TYPES:
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BINARY Ionic Compounds
SIMPLE Ionic Compounds
MULTIVALENT Ionic Compounds
POLYATOMIC Ionic Compounds
HYDRATED Ionic Compounds
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
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“Binary” - ___________________________________________________
SIMPLE Ionic Compounds
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Simple ionic compounds are composed of a metal ion (+) and a nonmetal ion (-).
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GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME
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RULES:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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EXAMPLE:
#
MgBr2
_____________________________________
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KCl
_____________________________________
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Na2S
_____________________________________
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Mg3P2
_____________________________________
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Ba3N2
_____________________________________
What’s Wrong with the Following Names for BaS?
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barium sulfur
_____________________________________
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Barium Sulfide
_____________________________________
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barium sulfuride
_____________________________________
HOMEWORK:
Do the sheet on the following page.
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GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA
"
RULES:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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EXAMPLE:
#
sodium bromide
______________________
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barium iodide
______________________
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magnesium oxide
______________________
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aluminum oxide
______________________
HOMEWORK:
Do the next 2 sheets on the following pages.
MULTIVALENT Ionic Compounds
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Ions of some _____________________ can have more than one possible
charge.
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Such elements are called MULTIVALENT species.
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For example what are the 2 possible charges for copper - Cu?
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_____________
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_____________
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WE use ROMAN NUMERALS to indicate the type of charge on these multivalent
ions.
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1 + –> ______
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2 + –> ______
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3 + –> ______
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4 + –> ______
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5 + –> ______
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6 + –> ______
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ONLY USE THESE ROMAN NUMERALS WITH
MULTIVALENT IONS!!!!
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GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA
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RULES:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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EXAMPLE:
#
copper (II) oxide
________________________________
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lead (IV) sulfide
________________________________
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tin sulfide
________________________________
HOMEWORK: Do the sheet on the following page.
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GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME
"
RULES:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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EXAMPLE:
#
PbI2
_____________________________________
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Fe2O3
_____________________________________
#
CuCl
_____________________________________
#
MnO2
_____________________________________
HOMEWORK:
Do the next 2 sheets on the following pages.
POLYATOMIC Ionic Compounds
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DEFINITION:
"
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
!
On the back of your periodic table, there is a POLYATOMIC ION TABLE.
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You do not have to memorize them, but from use, you will become very
familiar with them.
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Example:
nitrate
_______________
nitrite
_______________
cyanide
_______________
hydroxide
_______________
bicarbonate _______________
chlorate
_______________
carbonate
_______________
sulfate
_______________
phosphate _______________
ammonium _______________
acetate
_______________
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Endings of polyatomic ions are easily recognizable as they are often _________
or ____________.
#
These endings are good clues that an ionic compound
contains polyatomic ions.
!
GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA
-
EXAMPLE:
#
lithium sulfate
__________________________
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ammonium carbonate
__________________________
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hydrogen dichromate
__________________________
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sodium acetate
__________________________
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GIVEN FORMULA, WRITE NAME
"
RULES:
-
!
EXAMPLE:
#
HNO3
__________________________
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NaOH
__________________________
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KMnO4
__________________________
#
Cu2SO4
__________________________
HOMEWORK:
Do next 2 sheets on following page for homework.
HYDRATED Ionic Compounds
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Hydrated ionic compounds that have _________________ attached to their
crystal lattice structure.
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Solutions become hydrated when they are crystallized from a water solution.
!
They are often recognizable by eye because they are often ________________
and ___________________.
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Examples:_____________________________________________________
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Bluestone –> CuSO4 ! 5 H2O
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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We indicate the presence of water with the word _______________ and we
indicate the number of water molecules with our GREEK PREFIXES
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__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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ANHYDROUS:____________________________________________________
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GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA
"
EXAMPLE:
barium chloride dihydrate
!
!
_____________________
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potassium hydroxide hexahydrate
_____________________
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sodium carbonate octahydrate
_____________________
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cobalt (II) chloride decahydrate
_____________________
GIVEN NAME, WRITE FORMULA
"
EXAMPLE:
CaSO4 C 2 H2O
________________________________
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Na3PO4 C 4 H2O
________________________________
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HCN C 3 H2O
________________________________
HOMEWORK:
Do the sheet on the following page.