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Cardiovascular System Bio 107 – Week 9 Learning Objectives • Describe the path of blood flow in the fourchambered heart • Describe the structure and function of red blood cells, white blood cells, capillaries, veins, and arteries • Locate and identify the chambers of the heart and the vessels connected to these chambers • Describe how the heart helps maintain homeostasis Cardiovascular System • Transports gases between sites of internal and external respiration • But also: o Thermoregulation o Carries glucose to active organs o Carries hormones, immune system cells • Cardiovascular system—includes blood, vessels, and heart Circulatory System • Blood vessels o Arteries—away from heart o Veins—toward the heart o Capillaries—tiny vessels connecting the two • Generally arteries carry O2 rich blood and veins O2 poor, but not always o Pulmonary artery carries O2 poor blood from heart to lung, pulmonary vein carries O2 rich from lungs to heart • Two circuits: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulatory System • Blood flows through arteries via pressure from heart beats • Veins have one-way valves, flow is accomplished largely by muscle contraction • Mammals have a double circulation: o Systemic: body o Pulmonary: lungs Circulatory System – The Heart • Pump that moves blood through vessels • Mammals—four chambered heart o No mixing of O2 rich and O2 poor blood o Divided circ. allows for separate blood pressures • Atria receive blood from veins • Ventricles pump blood into arteries • Right atrium receives blood from body, then to right ventricle, which pumps blood to lungs • Left atrium receives blood from the lungs, then to left ventricle, which pumps blood to body Circulatory System – The Heart • Blood passes through atrioventricular valves to the ventricles o Tricuspid (R) and Bicuspid (L)valves • Blood passes through semilunar valves to leave the ventricles o Pulmonary semilunar valve o Aortic semilunar valve • Right atrium receives blood from body, passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle, which pumps blood to lungs through the pulmonary semilunar valve to lungs • Left atrium receives blood from the lungs, passes through bicuspid valve to left ventricle, which pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve to body Circulatory System – The Heart • • • • • • Superior/inferior venae cavae - Blood from body to right atrium Pulmonary Artery - Blood from R Ventricle to Lungs o Oxygen-poor! o Oxygen-rich! Pulmonary Veins - Blood from Lungs to L Ventricle Aorta - Blood from L Ventricle to body Right atrium receives blood from body through the superior or inferior vena cava, passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle, which pumps blood to lungs through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to lungs Left atrium receives blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, passes through bicuspid valve to left ventricle, which pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta and to the rest of the body Tracing Blood Through the Body Gas Exchange • Occurs in capillaries o One cell thick • Occurs through diffusion across a concentration gradient o High Low concentration of O2 Today • • • • Heart Dissection Cut it “hamburger style” See: http://www.biologycorn er.com/anatomy/circul atory/heart/heart_disse ction.html Structures to Locate Sheep Heart: p 74-84 • Right Atrium • Right Ventricle • Left Atrium • Left Ventricle • Superior/Inferior Venae Cavae • Aorta • Pulmonary trunk/pulmonary arteries • Bicuspid valve (Atrioventricular valve) • Tricuspid valve (Atrioventricular valve) • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve • Septum • Chordae Tendinae