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Unit III: Biological Bases of Behavior Module 10 The Nervous & Endocrine Systems The Nervous System 10-1 The Nervous System 10-1 Fig. 10.1 p. 87 Peripheral Nervous System 10-1 Somatic Nervous System: The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. Autonomic Nervous System: Part of the PNS that controls the glands and other muscles, such as the heart. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 10-1 Sympathetic Nervous System: Division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight-or-flight). Parasympathetic Nervous System: Division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving its energy (rest and digest). In everyday situations, these two systems work together to keep you in a steady internal state. 10-1 Figure 10.2, p. 88 Central Nervous System 10-1 The brain’s neurons cluster into neural networks. Neurons networked with each other can have short, fast connections. Learning occurs as feedback strengthens connections. A grain-of-sand-sized speck of your brain contains some 100,000 neurons and 1 billion “talking” synapses! Central Nervous System Fig. 10.4, p. 89 The Endocrine System 10-2 The Endocrine System 10-2 The endocrine system is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system. Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands. Figure 10.5, p. 90 Hormones 10-2 Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body. For example, epinephrine (adrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and feelings of excitement during emergency situations. Pituitary Gland The “master gland” (and is the most influential endocrine gland). It releases hormones that influence growth and its secretions also influence the release of hormones by other endocrine glands. 10-2