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Chapter 3: The Fertile Crescent Study Guide Key terms Section 1: Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, irrigate, city-state, barter, polytheism, ziggurat, cuneiform Section 2: empire, ally, cultural trait, Hammurabi’s Code, rule of law Section 3: cavalry, standing army, tribute, currency, stele Section 4: import, export, navigation, colony, cultural diffusion, alphabet Key Ideas What was the Phoenician alphabet based on? What pattern did the laws in Hammurabi’s code follow? How did Cyrus the Great’s treatment of the Jews of Jerusalem differ from that of Nebuchadnezzar? What was the role of priests in Sumerian civilizations? What city became the center of Hammurabi’s Mesopotamia empire? Critical thinking: Short Essays Describe the rule of Sargon. Explain how Phoenicians often depended upon imports for their export business. How do you think the changes Darius the Great made to the tribute system influenced his popularity and power? Essay Be able to talk about the Sumerian invention of Cuneiform and its influence on civilization.
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