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Taxonomy
Why Classify?
  Organizes living things into groups
  Gives us a universal way to name organisms
  Helps in identifying new species or known species
  Shows how closely organisms are related
  Prevents misconceptions: ex: jellyfish and starfish
are not actually fish.
What is Taxonomy?
  Taxonomy is the study of classifying
organisms.
  Taxonomy: names and groups
organisms according to their
characteristics and evolutionary
history
History of Taxonomy
  Aristotle was the first person to classify
organisms in writing.
  He divided things into:
  Animals: Lived in air, water or on land
  Plants: differentiated by stems
  Early classification caused problems:
  They used common names which are different
around the world
  Also used long names with descriptive terms
called polynomial names.
History Cont.
  In the 1700’s in Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus
fixed these problems.
  Linnaeus created binomial nomenclature which is
still used today.
  Binomial Nomenclature means two names
  Every Organism is given a scientific name based on its
Genus and Species
  But what are genus and species?
  They are each 1 part of the 8 levels of classification.
8 Levels of Classification
1.  Domain Domain is the largest and least specific level
2.  Kingdom
3.  Phylum
4.  Class
5.  Order
6.  Family
*These levels of classification are based on an
organisms evolutionary chain how it has
evolved over time
**Two organisms with the same genus are more
closely related than those with the same kingdom
7.  Genus
8.  Species
Species is the smallest and most specific level
  Dignified Kings Play Chess on Fuzzy Green Sofas
Naming
  The name of an organism depends on its levels of
classification. Domain is often ignored.
  Names are in Latin- it is universal in all languages
  Ex: Humans
  Brain Pop
Writing Names
  Scientific Names are always written as:
  Genus species
  The first letter of Genus is always CAPITALIZED
  species is written in all lowercase letters
  The entire name is either italicized or underlined
  Ex: Human Name Homo sapien or Homo
sapien
More Examples
Euclea delphinii
Common Name: spiny oak slug
Odobenus rosmarus
Common Name: Walrus
The Three Domains
1.  Eubacteria- these are seen as spheres rods and spirals
(most bacteria)—no nucleus
2.  Archaebacteria- found in harsh environments. Thought
to be the first organisms on earth.—no nucleus
3.  Eukarya- made up of:
1.  Protists
2.  Plants
3.  Fungi
4.  Animals
Domains are divided into
Six Kingdoms
1.  Eubacteria- same as domain– have no nucleus
2.  Archaebacteria- same as domain—have no nucleus
3.  Protista- have a nucleus
4.  Plantae—photosynthesize, have cell wall
5.  Fungi—take up nutrients from dead organisms
6.  Animalia—multi-cellular, eat food to get nutrients
  Brain Pop