Download Science 8 Final Exam Review *Please note that these are most of

Science 8
Final Exam Review
*Please note that these are most of the outcomes, NOT all of the
outcomes*
Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth’s Surface
Terms:
Atmosphere
Oceanographer
Global warming
Weathering
Wave
Deposition
Tidal range
Weather
Wetland

lithosphere
salinity
ice age
Coriolis force
swells
headland
spring tides
climate
estuary
hydrosphere
density
run-off
ocean current
breakers
bay
neap tides
phytoplankton
bioindicator species
hydrologist
freezing point
erosion
upwelling
tsunami
tide
heat capacity
zooplankton
bioluminescence
In addition to the resources at the end of each outcome, you are also expected to have read and
be familiar with the related information, diagrams and charts in the text book in chapters 1, 2 and
3)
1. What is the distribution of water on earth?
2. Label a diagram of the water cycle and describe how water moves through it.
3. Explain the differences between fresh water and ocean water.
4. What are the 3 sources of fresh water?
5. How has global warming affected glaciers and what is the result on the environment?
6. Describe the 4 processes that lead to the formation of ocean basins
7. Label a diagram of the components of an ocean basin.
8. Describe how sonar, satellites, submersibles, deep-sea cameras and scuba diving are used to study
the oceans.
9. List the Canadian institutions that are involved in ocean research.
10. How have technologies used to study the ocean floor improved over time?
11. Describe the two types of ocean currents.
12. Explain the 3 causes of surface currents.
13. Explain how convection currents due to temperature differences cause deep water currents.
14. Explain how upwelling produces nutrient rich ocean water using the Grand Banks as an example.
15. Explain how differences in salinity affect density and how together they cause deep water currents.
16. How do waves form?
17. Draw a wave diagram and label the 4 parts.
18. What happens to a wave as it approaches the shoreline?
19. What are the 4 factors that influence how waves interact with shorelines?
20. Using a diagram, how is wave energy distributed along headlands and bays?
21. Use diagrams to explain how tides are generated by the gravitational force of the moon and sun.
(Neap and Spring tides)
22. Briefly describe the structures designed to prevent damage due to waves and tides.
23. Explain how deposition and erosion result in various shoreline formations.
24. Use your knowledge of heat capacity to explain how oceans moderate climate.
25. Draw a diagram to explain how convection currents affect weather.
26. How do El Nino and La Nina influence climate on a global basis?
27. What 2 currents are close to NL and how do they affect our climate and weather?
28. How are ocean environments different from freshwater environments and give some examples of
the types of organisms you would expect to find living there.
Unit 3: Fluids
Terms:
Fluid
Volume
Balanced forces
Force
Pneumatic system

viscosity
density
unbalanced forces
Pascal (Pa)
Pascal’s Law
flow rate
force
weight
atmospheric pressure
mass
Newton (N)
buoyancy
hydraulic system
In addition to the resources at the end of each outcome, you are also expected to have read and
be familiar with the related information, diagrams and charts in the text book in chapters 7, 8 and
9)
3.1
Use the particle theory of matter to compare solids, liquids and gases.
3.2
What are some examples of fluids in everyday life?
3.3
How does the viscosity of a fluid relate to the amount of friction between the particles?
3.4
What are some examples of viscosity on everyday life?
3.5
Use examples to discuss the relationship between flow rate and viscosity.
3.6
Use examples to explain how the viscosity of fluids relates to their use.
3.7
Use the particle theory of matter to explain how temperature, concentration and strength of
attraction influence a liquid’s resistance to flow.
3.8
Use the particle theory of matter to explain the relationship between state of matter and density.
3.9
Identify the relationship between density, mass and volume (hint: equation)
3.10 Use D = m/V in calculations.
3.11 Explain how to calculate the density of irregular shaped objects, liquids, gases, and regularly
shaped objects.
3.12 Calculate the density of an irregularly shaped object.
3.13 Use examples to describe how changes in temperature affect density.
3.14 Give examples of where density changes naturally or intentionally.
3.15 Explain the difference between mass and weight.
3.16 Explain how weight and buoyancy are related to floating or sinking.
3.17 Describe how balanced and unbalanced forces determine whether or not an object will sink or
float.
3.18 Explain how density relates to sinking or floating.
3.19 Identify some technologies that have developed because of our understanding of density and
buoyancy.
3.20 Describe the relationship between force, area and pressure. (hint: equation)
3.21 Use F = P x A in calculations.
3.22 Compare and contrast hydraulic and pneumatic systems with respect to state, volume and
pressure.
3.23 Identify some applications of Pascal’s Law.
3.24 Use examples to explain the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature for liquids
and gases.
Unit 2: Optics
Terms:
Speed of light
Diffuse
Translucent
Amplitude
Focal length

2.1
rectilinear propagation
dispersion
opaque
crest
principal axis
specular
transparent
spectrum
trough
refraction
frequency
wavelength
hertz
focal point
optical centre
In addition to the resources at the end of each outcome, you are also expected to have read and
be familiar with the related information, diagrams and charts in the text book in chapters 4, 5 and
6)
Explain the experiments by Pythagorus, Galileo and Michelson and summarize what they
discovered about light.
2.2
What is light?
2.3
Explain how scientific knowledge of light resulted in the development of the microscope and
telescope.
2.4
How does the speed of light compare to the speed of sound?
2.5
Identify the 6 properties of visible light.
2.6
Describe the different uses of specular and diffuse reflection.
2.7
Use a diagram to explain how a prism breaks white light into its constituent colors.
2.8
How does the amount of refraction of each color in the spectrum relate to its wavelength?
2.9
Draw a labeled diagram of a wave.
2.10 Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength.
2.11 Complete simple calculations involving frequency.
2.12 Describe the different types of electromagnetic radiation and give examples of each.
2.13 Discuss both the negative and positive effects of electromagnetic radiation.
2.14 Describe the 3 models of light and how they describe and explain different properties of light.
2.15 Draw a labeled diagram of a reflected light ray.
2.16 Identify the 3 types of mirrors and explain how they are used.
2.17 State the Law of Reflection.
2.18 Use 3 incident rays to draw ray diagrams of images in both plane and curved mirrors.
2.19 Use S.P.O.T to describe the images formed by plane and curved mirrors
2.20 Describe the difference between real images and virtual images and identify the mirrors that will
produce them.
2.21 Explain how the curvature of a concave mirror influence the size of the real image produced.
2.22 Explain how the speed of light changes as it passes from one medium to another and how this
influences the direction of light rays i.e bending towards or away from the normal.
2.23 Describe the 2 types of lenses and how they are used.
2.24 Describe how concave and convex lenses are used to correct vision.
2.25 Label parts of the human eye.
2.26 Describe examples of optical technologies.
Unit 4: Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems
o Discuss how early scientists differentiated between living and nonliving things and compare this with
modern cell theory.
o Illustrate and explain that the cell is a living system that exhibits the four characteristics of life.
i. Define cell
ii. State the cell theory
o Describe four characteristics common to living things. Include:
i. growth
ii. movement
iii. response to stimuli
iv. reproduction
o Identify and state the functions of the major parts of the compound microscope.
i. eyepiece
ii. objective lenses
iii. stage
iv. coarse adjustment knob
v. fine adjustment knob
vi. light source/lamp
vii. iris diaphragm
viii. base
ix.
barrel (or tube)
x.
arm
xi.
revolving nosepiece
o Use proper terms when comparing plant and animal cells.
o Examine and explain the role of the following organelles:
i. cell wall
ii. cell membrane
iii. chloroplast
iv. cytoplasm
v. nucleus
vi. vacuole
vii. mitochondria
o Produce labeled drawings of each type of cell, including organelles.
o List three differences between plant and animal cells. Include:
i. plant cells have chloroplasts
ii.
iii.
plant cells have cell walls, therefore they have a regular shape
plant cells have fewer, and larger, vacuoles
o Explain that growth and reproduction depend on cell division.
o Explain that mitosis is the process by which cells divide to produce more, identical cells
o Explain structural and functional relationships between and among cells, tissues, organs, and systems
in the human body.
o Describe these levels of organization found in living things.
i. cells
ii. tissues
iii. organs
iv. organ systems
v. organisms
o Relate the needs and functions of various cells and organs to the needs and functions of the human
organism as a whole.
o Explain that cells and organisms require the same basic necessities of life.
- Include:
i. oxygen
ii. nutrients
iii. waste removal
o Evaluate individual and group processes used in presenting the roles of the main organ systems.
o Identify the main function of the following organ systems in keeping organisms alive.
i. circulatory
ii. respiratory
iii. digestive
iv. excretory
v. nervous
vi. muscular
o Describe the basic factors that affect the functions and efficiency of the human respiratory,
circulatory, muscular, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems.
o Describe the interdependence of :
i. circulatory/respiratory systems
ii. circulatory/digestive systems
iii. nervous/muscular systems
o Explain the roles that diet, nutrition, exercise and stress have on the systems listed above.
o Debate lifestyle choices such as diet choices, smoking, drinking alcohol, or sedentary lifestyle and
their effects on body systems.
o Illustrate examples of evidence related to how we should maintain and/or treat body systems.
o Describe the science underlying various technologies used to assist or replace unhealthy organs or
systems.
- Include:
i. insulin pump
ii. artificial heart
o Provide examples of scientific knowledge that have resulted in the development of technologies