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A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) Wave Properties: The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position (the purple line). The crest of a wave is its highest point on a wave above its rest position. The trough of a wave is its lowest point on a wave below its rest position. The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two successive points on the wave that have the same displacement (distance) and are moving in the same direction. The frequency of a wave is the number of complete waves per second from a specific point. The equation for wave speed is: Wave Speed = Wavelength x Frequency REMEMBER: (S) Wave Speed is measured in metres per second (m/s) (W) Wavelength is measured in metres (m) (F) Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) You need to be able to rearrange this equation. Getting Messages Across: Many optical instruments use two more mirrors. A periscope is an example of this, which is used in submarines to be able to see above the water without coming up. Refraction happens because the speed of a wave decreases as it enters a more dense medium and decreases as it enters a less dense medium. NOTE – it is the wavelength that changes, the frequency of the wave stays the same. Diffraction is the spreading out of a wave as it passes through a gap. A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) The size of a communications reciever is dependent on the size of the radiation. The Electromagnetic Spectrum: This is the electromagnetic spectrum; you need to know the order of these radiation types. Diffraction Effects: The amount of diffraction is dependent on the size of the gap; the larger the gap, the larger the amount of diffraction. You can notice the diffraction effect in telescopes and microscopes. A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) Past Papers: PPQ(1): A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) PPQ(2): PPQ(3): A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) PPQ(4): A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) PPQ(5): PPQ(6): Continued on next page... A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) PPQ(7): A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) Mark Schemes: PPQ(1): PPQ(2): PPQ(3): PPQ(4): PPQ(5): Continued on next page... A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1) PPQ(6): PPQ(7): Continued on next page... A Spectrum of Waves – Revision Pack (P1)