Download Types of muscle

NAME: OPARA OLUCHI OGHENEMINE
DEPARTMENT: MEDICINE AND SURGERY
MATRIC NUMBER: 14/MHS01/119
COURSE: HISTOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT
THE HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLE AS A TISSUE
Muscle tissue is composed of cells differentiated for optimal use of the
universal cell property termed contractility. In muscle tissue the bulk of the
cytoplasmic volume consists of the contractile protein fibrils, Actin and Myosin.
Muscle is responsible for movement of the body and changes in the size and
shape of internal organs. Muscle cells are generally referred to as muscle fibres.
Nearly all muscle cells are of mesodermal origin and they differentiate mainly by a
gradual process of cell lengthening with simultaneous synthesis of myofibrillar
proteins.
Muscle tissue may be classified according to a morphological classification or
a functional classification.
Morphological classification
1. Striated muscle
2. Non-striated or smooth muscle
Functional classification
1. Voluntary muscle
2. Involuntary muscle
Types of muscle
There are generally three types of muscle in the human body;
Skeletal muscle
This type of muscle is striated and voluntary.it is composed of bundles of very
long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells that show cross-striations. The long oval
nuclei are usually found at the periphery of the cell under the cell membrane.
Their contraction is quick, forceful and usually under voluntary control.
Cardiac muscle
This type of muscle is striated and involuntary. Cardiac muscle cells are not as
long as skeletal muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells may be mononucleated or
binucleated. In either case the nuclei are located centrally in the cell. Cardiac
muscle contains intercalated discs.
Smooth muscle
This type of muscle is non-striated and involuntary. The smooth muscle cells are
described as spindle shaped. They are wide in the middle and narrow to almost a
point at both ends. Smooth muscle cells have a single centrally located nucleus.
Smooth muscle cells do not have visible striations although they contain the same
contractile proteins as skeletal and cardiac muscle, these proteins are laid out in a
different pattern.