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Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Study Guide
Define Terms
1. Cell: the smallest unit of life
2. Cell wall: a stiff structure outside the cell membrane, protects a cell from attack
by viruses and other harmful organisms (brick wall)
3. Nucleus: the part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains
genetic information stored in DNA (brain of the cell)
4. Chloroplast: membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food
(glucose) from water and carbon dioxide (photosynthesis) (green color of plants)
5. Cell Membrane: flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the
environment outside a cell (like a window screen)
6. Organelle: structures with specialized functions that are usually surrounded by a
membrane
7. Eukaryotic: more complex cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
8. Prokaryotic: simple cells (bacteria and archaea)
9. Cytoskeleton: a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
10. Ribosome: found in the cytoplasm and makes proteins
11. Cilia: hair like strands on cells
12. Lysosome: found in animal cells and break down materials
13. Vacuole: parts of the cell responsible for storage of food, materials and waste
(like a vacuum, refrigerator, or garbage can)
Fill-in-the-blank. Use the word bank to complete the sentences.
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth ER
1. Most of the water in a cell is found in the cytoplasm.
2. Two membranes surround the nucleus form the nuclear envelope.
3. The smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum) has no ribosomes and helps remove
harmful substances from a cell.
4. The nucleolus makes ribosomes.
5. The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, and it releases energy for the cell
by breaking down sugars.
6. The Golgi apparatus packages materials into vesicles.
7. The rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is the site of protein production.
Cell Part
Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or Both
Plant, Animal, or Both
1. Cell Wall
Both
Plant
2. Nucleus
Eukaryotic
Both
3. Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic
Plant
4. Cell membrane
Both
Both
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Eukaryotic
Both
6. Lysosome
Eukaryotic
Animal
7. Ribosomes
Both
Both
8. Cytoskeleton
Both
Animal
9. DNA
Both
Both
10. Golgi Apparatus
Eukaryotic
Both
11. Mitochondria
Eukaryotic
Both
Label the parts of the animal cell below.