Download Atomic Theories and Models

Atomic Theories and Models
Answer these questions on your own.
Early Ideas About Atoms: Go to http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0905226.html and read the section
on “Greek Origins” in order to answer the following:
1. What were Leucippus and Democritus ideas regarding matter?
2. Describe what these philosophers thought the atom looked like?
3. How were the ideas of these two men received by Aristotle, and what was the result on the
progress of atomic theory for the next couple thousand years?
Alchemists: Go to http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alchemy and/or
http://www.scienceandyou.org/articles/ess_08.shtml to answer the following:
4. What was the ultimate goal of an alchemist?
5. What is the word used to describe changing something of little value into something of higher
value?
6. Did any alchemist achieve this goal?
John Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Go to http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/pages/1803.html and
answer the following:
7. When did Dalton form his atomic theory.
8. List the six ideas of Dalton’s theory:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Mendeleev: Go to http://www.chemistry.co.nz/mendeleev.htm and/or
http://www.aip.org/history/curie/periodic.htm to answer the following:
9. What was Mendeleev’s famous contribution to chemistry?
10. How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?
11. Why did Mendeleev leave blank spaces in his periodic table?
J. J. Thomson: Go to http://www.universetoday.com/38326/plum-pudding-model/ and
http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-andnuclear-structure/thomson.aspx and http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/clcwebsite/cathode.html and
http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/electron/electron_index.htm and
http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/modern-atomic-theory/rutherford-model.html to answer
the following:
12. What did JJ Thomson discover?
13. What is the year in which JJ Thomson made this discovery?
14. What was the evidence for “bodies much smaller than atoms”?
15. Describe and sketch Thomson’s model of the atom?
Curie and Becquerel: Go to http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/cuire.htm
http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-andnuclear-structure/curie.aspx and
http://edtech2.boisestate.edu/lindabennett1/502/Nuclear%20Chemistry/types%20of%20decay.html to answer the
following:
16. For what accomplishments did Marie Curie receive two Nobel prizes?
17. Who else received the first Nobel prize with Marie?
18. What are the three types of radioactive decay?
19. Becquerel was credited with discovering radioactivity, the spontaneous emission of radiation by a
material. He also noticed that both X-rays and the radiation emitted by uranium had strong effects
on photographic film, yet they are not the same. What important difference between radiation
emitted by uranium and X-rays led him to this conclusion?
Ernest Rutherford and Neils Bohr: Go to
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp13at.html and
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/rutherford/ and
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/ruther14.swf to answer the
following:
20. Go to the micro.magnet.fsu site. What do you observe when the slit width is adjusted to 4.0 nm?
21. How did Rutherford’s experiment disprove Thomson’s model of the atom?
22. What new model did Rutherford propose? Sketch it.
23. How much smaller was the nucleus, than the atom itself, according to Rutherford?
24. How did Bohr modify this model of the atom (what was his revolutionary idea about electrons?)
Millikan: Go to http://g.web.umkc.edu/gounevt/Animations/Animations211/MillikanOilDropExp.swf and
http://www.montereymotiongraphics.com/example1.swf and
http://www.webassign.net/resources/serpse8/activeFigures/25.22.swf After visiting the four sites, go
back to the last link (webassign.net) to complete the following:
25. Press the bulb of the atomizer and observe. Describe what happens to the oil drops.
26. Now turn on the circuit by pressing the button on the bottom right so that it goes from reading OFF
to reading ON. Spray the atomizer again. Describe the behavior of the drops.
27. Now play with the voltage by changing the potential difference. Spray the atomizer and observe.
Move the voltage up and down and observe the drops. Record the voltage that makes some of the
drops stay suspended in the middle of the apparatus.
28. Based on the interaction between the oil drops and the electric field, what did Millikan conclude?
Chadwick: Go to http://jameschadwickatomictheory.weebly.com/ and/or
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp32ne.html to answer the following:
29. What observation led Chadwick (and Rutherford) to conclude there must be something besides
just the proton in the nucleus of atoms?
30. What did Chadwick prove the existence of (what is the something besides just the proton called)?
Compare its mass to that of a proton.
31. What makes up the atomic number?
32. What makes up the atomic mass (weight)?
Click the following link: http://www.chemtutor.com/struct.htm or http://www.ndted.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/subatomicparticles.htm or
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/subatomic-particles-so-thats-whats-in-an-atom.html
33. The 3 subatomic
particles
34. Location of the
subatomic particles
within the atom
35. Electrical charge