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CIVIL WAR BATTLE CHART Battle, Location & Date Leaders (U.S. & C.S.) Significance (why did it matter) & outcome (who won) Ft. Sumter Charleston, S.C. Major Robert Anderson General P.G.T. Beauregard The Confederate forces around Charleston Harbor, opened fire and bombarded the Union garrison holding Fort Sumter. They surrendered and evacuated the fort the next day. 1st Manassas/Bull Run Virginia July 16-22, 1861 General McDowell General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Union troops thought it would be easy victory. Local families came in buggies to picnic and watch the events. Surprise defeat caused a panicked retreat by spectators and Union soldiers alike. Jackson earns the nickname "Stonewall," as his brigade resists Union attacks and Union troops fall back to Washington. Union realized this would not be neither a short nor easy war. Antietam Sharpsburg, Maryland Sept 17, 1862 General McClellan General Robert E. Lee (Gen. Stonewall Jackson) (Gen. John B. Hood) The bloodiest day in U.S. military history as Gen. Lee and the Confederate Armies are stopped at Antietam by McClellan and numerically superior Union forces. By nightfall 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or missing. There is no clear victory for either side. Moral victory for the North (stopping Lee’s advances). Battle outcome prompts Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Vicksburg Mississippi May 18 - July 4, 1863 General U.S. Grant General John C. Pemberton Grant surrounded the city and began a siege. Citizens and soldiers alike ran out of supplies and diseases ran rampant. On July 4 Gen. Pemberton surrendered. This gave the North control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half, cutting off supply lines from Texas and Louisiana. Grant was made commander of the Union forces. Gettysburg Pennsylvania July 3, 1863 General George G. Meade General Robert E. Lee (Gen. John B. Hood) Lee invaded Pennsylvania.The Battle of Gettysburg was the largest battle in U.S. History and was a turning point in the Civil War, as the Union victory sent General Lee's army to retreat back to Virginia. The combined losses of Vicksburg and Gettysburg overwhelmed the South. Appomattox General U.S. Grant Beleaguered by Federal troops and cut off from desperately needed Apr 12, 1861 – Apr 14, 1861 Virginia, April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee supplies, the worn-out and weary Army of Northern Virginia (led by General Lee) moved west after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. With his army nearly surrounded, his men starving, and Grant closing in, Lee knew continued resistance was futile and ultimately self-destructive, and thus he agreed to meet Grant to discuss peace and surrender. General Grant accepted General Lee’s surrender under very generous terms and the war was finally over. Military reconstruction began at this point.