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You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Using that 36%, calculate the following: A.
The frequency of the "aa" genotype. The frequency of the "a" allele. B.
C.
The frequency of the "A" allele. The frequencies of the genotypes "AA" and "Aa." D.
E.
The frequencies of the two possible phenotypes if "A" is completely dominant over "a." 1
Sickle‐cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle‐cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle‐cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle‐cell gene? 2
1 in 1700 US Caucasian newborns have cystic fibrosis. C for normal is dominant over c for cystic fibrosis a) What percent of the above population have cystic fibrosis? b) How many of the 1700 of the population are homozygous Normal? c) How many of the 1700 in the population are heterozygous (carrier)? d) It has been found that a carrier is better able to survive diseases with severe diarrhea. What would happen to the frequency of the "c" if there was a epidemic of cholera or other type of diarrhea producing disease?
3
In the United States, one out of approximately 10,000 babies is born with the disorder.
Approximately what percent of the population are heterozygous carriers of the recessive PKU
allele?
4
After graduation, you and 19 friends build a raft, sail to a deserted island, and start a new population, totally isolated from the world. Two of your friends carry (that is, are heterozygous for) the recessive cf allele, which in homozygotes causes cystic fibrosis. a) Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the instance of cystic fibrosis on your island? b) B. Cystic fibrosis births on the island is how many times greater than the original mainland. The frequency of births on the mainland is .059%. How many more times frequent is cystic fibrosis on your island?
5
This is a classic data set on wing coloration in the scarlet tiger moth (Panaxia dominula). Coloration in this species had been previously shown to behave as a single­locus, two­allele system with incomplete dominance. Data for 1612 individuals are given below: White­spotted (AA) =1469 Intermediate (Aa) = 138 Little spotting (aa) =5 Calculate the following frequencies: A = a = AA = Aa = aa = 6
Alleles exist such that A is the dominant normal allele and a is the mutated allele which is recessive. Individuals with the aa genotype have a degenerative neurological disorder. A gene test shows that in a population of 120 individuals, 16 were AA, 92 were Aa and 12 were aa and had the disorder.
Determine the actual value of p and q for the population. Use these to determine the values of p2, 2pq and q2.
What are the actual values of these variables for this population?
Is this population eveolving?
7
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