* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Self test
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
Satanic Verses wikipedia , lookup
LGBT in Islam wikipedia , lookup
International reactions to Fitna wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Sources of sharia wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Origin of Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Somalia wikipedia , lookup
Islamic missionary activity wikipedia , lookup
Morality in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Muhammad and the Bible wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Indonesia wikipedia , lookup
Islamic–Jewish relations wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
v lslam SELF-TEST YOUR ',tSLAM QUOTTENT' By Laurence Michalak Check Judaism. Christianity. and/or Islam: lslam Judaism Christianity Abraham is an important figure Jesus is an important figure Muhammad is an important figure Circumsion of males is a rite of passage Marriage is a contract Wine is an important part of ritual Veneration of a central holy book A monotheistic Middle Eastern religion Belief in original sin Belief in prophets A patriarchal religion Belief in the virgin bilth Eve was created from Adam's rib Jerusalem is a holy city Writc the Western forms of these Arabic names: 15. Issa 16. Yusuf 17. Ibrahim 18. Ayyub 19. Miriam 20. Hawa 21. Musa 22. Yunus 23. Harun 24. Dawud 25. Gibril 26. Yahya Define brieflv: 27. Islam28. Sunni * 29. Shi'a 30. Sufi 31. jihad 32. hijra 33. shirk 34. syncretism 35. orthodoxy 36. orthopraxis Circle True or False: 37. Female circumcision is practiced throughout the Middle East and is approved by most Muslims. 38. Muslims bow toward the East when they pray. 39. "Allah" is the word for "God" used by Arabic-speaking Muslims, Christians and Jews. 40. The Qur'an says that men and women should dress modestly. TF TF TF TF $6 ryP 4r. 44. 45. 42. 43. Fill in the Blanks: The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar which begins with the flight of the Prophet Muhammad in the year (46) ______A.D. from Makkah to (41) __. The holy shrine in Makkah In 1995 there were in the world, which contains a black stone is called the (48) four women as elected heads of state. Three of these were Muslim women; the Muslim countries where they had been elected were (49) , (50) ________, and (51) ____ ristan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, ___. A Muslim nation bordered by Turkmenistan, About one out of every (53) ____ China, Pakistan, and Iran, is (52) people in the world is a Muslim. An Islamic people whose men cover their faces in public but whose women do not is the (54) ____ Islam is a world religion. The largest Muslim population of any country in the world (180 million) is not in the Middle East but in the South Asian country of (55) The seiond, third, and fourth largest populations of Muslims ari: not'in inJMi-ilale-trist?-ittr-er, but in the countries of Pakistan (about 140 million Muslims), (56) _ (with (with about 110 million Muslims). (57) ____ about 140 million Muslims) and (57) Muslims) ______(with pqpulation.of.about region of the w world with a Muslim population The Middle East is the resion of about 380 million; million: it includes the countries with the 6th, 6th. 7th, 7tl and Sth largest Muslim populations, each with about 60 million Muslims; these are (58) ; (se) , and (60) population far the largest Muslim The country with by in Sub-Saharan Africa, ___. . The Cehtial Asian country with the largest with 50 mlli-ion Muslims,ls (61) (62) populauon (23 is----ls (oz.) _. And the country with the (zJ .millioq) million) ig_( mlllron) Muslim Muslim population Musllm population Hemisphere, estimated at between 5 and 8 million IS in the Western largest Muslim (63) _____ For discussion (no right or wrong answers): Jot down five words that come to mind when you hear the word "Muslim." 4. 5. 1. 2. 3.. Answer IGy (It is best to make a copy of the test and write in the answers using this "key" and use it in leading a discussion): 1.IJC,2.[C,3.I,4. IJ,5. IJ,6. JC,7. IJC, 8. IJC,9. C, 10. IJC, l1.IJC,12.IC, 13. JC, 14. IJC, 15. Jesus, 16. Joseph, 17. Abraham, 18. Job, 19. Mary, 20.8ve,21. Moses, 22.Ionah,23. Aaron, 24.David,25. Gabriel,26. John,27.peace through submission to the will of God,28. "of the tradition" - the mainstream form of Islam, 29. "partisans" of the line of Ali as Caliph of Islam, 30. a mystical form of Islam, 31. holy struggle, either personal or collective, 32.622 A.D., Muhammad flees to Medina, calendar begins,33. the heresy of associating other gods with God, 34. mixing practices and/or beliefs of multiple religions, 35. emphasis on correct belief,36. emphasis on correct action,37. False,38. False,39. True,40. Ture,4l. professing beliefin the one God and Muhammad as his messeng er, 42. praying five times a day, 43. giving charity to the poor, 44. fasting during the month of Ramadan, 45. pilgrimage to Makkah by those who can do so, 46.622,47. Medina, 48. Kaaba,49. Turkey, 50. Bangladesh,5l. Pakistan, 52. Afghanistan, 53. five, 54. Tuareg,55. Indonesia,56. India,57. Bangladesh,58. Turkey,59. Iran,60. Egypt,61. Nigeria,62. Uzbekistan,63. The U.S.A. Laurence Michalak is the Director of Outreach for the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Califomia, Berkeley Islam PRE-TEST: THREE HOLY BOOKS Teacher: This is a good pre-test designed to stimulate discussion of a less well-known religion, Islam. Take the test yourself, before you turn the page to look at the answer key, and you'll discover what a good conversation starter this can be. Directions: For each quotation, indicate which is the source by writing a letter in the blank. Testament) B. The New Testament C. The Qur,an dwell thou and thy wife in the Garden; and eat of the bountiful A. Jewish Scripture (The Old -- 1. We said: "O Adam! things therein as ye sion" ---2. We sent Noah to his people: he said, "O my people! Worship God!Ye have no other god but Him. Will ye not hear Him?" ---3. And (remember) Job, when he cried to his Lord, "Truly distress has seized me. But Thou are the Most Merciful of those who are merciful." ---4. We sent an inspiration to Moses: "Travel by night with My servants, and strike a dry path for them through the sea, without fear of being overtaken by Pharaoh and without any other fear." ---5. O ye Children of Israel!We delivered you from your enemy, and we made a Covenant with you on the right side of Mount Sinai, andWe sent down to you Manna and quails... ---6. Behold! Abraham said to his father and his people: "I do indeed clear myself of what ye worship: I worship only Him Who made me, and He will certainly guide me." ---7. We have sent thee inspiration, as We sent it to Noah, and the messengers after him: We sent inspiration to Abraham, Ismail, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the Psalms. ---8. Say: "We believe in God, and in what has been revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ismail; Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, and in (the Books) given to Moses, Jesus, and the Prophets, from their Lord: We make no distinction between one and another among them, and to God do we bow our will (in Islam). Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets: and God has full knowledge of all things. ----9. will; but approach not this tree, or ye run into harm and transgres- ---10. She (Mary) said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?' He said: "So it will be: thy Lord saith, 'That is easy for Me: and We wish to appoint him as a Sign unto man and a Mercy from Us.' It is a matter so decreed" ---11. When Jesus found unbelief on their part he said: "Who of God?" Said the Disciples: "'We are God's helpers..." will be my helpers in the work s6 ryW Answer Key for Pre-Test: Three Holy Books: ALL ARE FROM THE QUR'AN! l. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sura 2, ayat 35 Sura 23, ayat 23 Sura 21, ayat 83 Sura 20, ayat77 Sura 20, ayat 80 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 l. Sura 43, ayat26 Sura 4, ayat 163 Sura 3, ayat 84 Sura 33, ayat 40 Sura 12, ayat20-21 Sura 3, ayat 52 (Yusuf Ali Translations) Teacher: here are some comments you might make following the revealing of the answer key and the general surprise that results: Islam sees itself as part of that historic continuum of revealed religions. The Qur'an declares it is the culmination and the completion of earlier divine revelations - revelations that began with Adam (the first Prophet) and continue through a long line that includes Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muhammad is not the founder of Islam - rather he is the last in a long line of messengers. 2) Mary (Maryam in Arabic) is venerated in Islam. Though other women are mentioned in the Qur'an, Mary has an entire chapter which bears her name, "Mary's Chapter." The Qur'an tells the story of theVirgin Birth of Jesus. (It would be safe to say, since all Muslims regard the Qur'an as the literal word of God, that there are more Muslims who believe in the Virgin birth of Jesus than there are Christians who believe in the Virgin birth.) Mary is a Prophet ("in the company of those nearest to God") in Islam, and another verse (3:45) confirms Jesus as the promised "Messiah." 5) Many stories familiar through Jesus and Christian scripture find re-telting in Qur'an. And many times, it is enough for God to simply reference a story the listener already knows. A "remember Job" recalls for the listener the entire story, so that in the Qur'anic context the reference becomes a metaphor for 1) something else. 4) you may think that what you have been examining is an English "translation" of the Qur'an, but a Muslim would be quick to point out that it is an English "interpretation." The Qur'an is inArabic, and everything else is an interpretation. This points to the importance of scholarship in Islam. It should not be inferred that Arabic is therefore a chosen language or that Arabs are somehow special/chosen people' Nothing of the sort exists in Islam. It is simply an acknowledgement that any time someone attempts to translate a work, what we end up with is at best "a record of an encounter" between the translator and the text they are working on - but it is not that text in another language. 5) Earlier versions of this pre-test used exclusively "Old Testament" as the first choice (A). It should be noted to students that such terminology is from a Christian-centric perspective, and therefore we have used ,,Jewish Scripture" with the notation (Old Testament) in parenthesis. Biblical scholars might prefer the terminolgy "Hebrew Bible" to be used here, but we felt "Jewish Scripture" would better convey to students the point we were trying to make about "someone else's perspective." Pre-Test: Three Religions lslam By Audrey Shabbas Teacher: This is a wonderful exercise as a pre-test, for it will elicit a lot of discussion. Some students will argue that questions can be interpreted in a number of ways and that there are not always hard and fast answers. (This in itself is a valuable thing for them to experience.) You will quickly get a sense of how much knowledge students have about Judaism and Christianity. Many statements raise further questions, i.e. "What was I [teacher] trying to say when I phrased question 24; how is it different from question 22?" See the answer key (which must be "taken with a grain of salt") for comments eliciting further discussion of certain questions. Matching: Questions may have more than one correct answer. Write "J" if the statement is true regarding Judaism, "C" for Christianity, "I" for Islam. 1. The principal early figures of this religion were Middle Easterners. 2. The Qur'an is one of their holy books. 3. A follower of this religion is called a Jew. 4. Jesus was its founder. 5. The youngest or newest of the major religions. 6. They believe in both the Old and New Testaments. 7. Make a pilgrimage to Makkah. 8. The oldest of the three religions. 9. Believe that Abraham is the father of their people. 10. Face Makkah when they pray. 11. Is a "monotheistic" religion. 12. A follower of this religion is called a Christian. 13. They believe there is no god but God. 14. Call their "church" a synagogue. 15. Believe their religion is for all the world; actively seek converts. 16. Began as a Jewish sect. 17. Muhammad is their last prophet. 18. Old Testament (Jewish Scripture) is their primary holy book. -----19. The Middle East is the birthplace of this religion. $6 ryW -----20. Regard Abraham and Moses as prophets or wise leaders. _____21. Regard Jerusalem as a holy city. 22. The "church" is called a mosque. 23. A follower of this religion is called a Muslim. _____24. Call their "mosque" a church. 25. Recognize Jesus in their religion. 26. Discourages pictures or statues of their religious leaders. _____27 . Prohibits the eating of pork. -----28. Accepts the story of Adam and Eve as part of their tradition. _____29. Today contains many branches or sects. -----30. Has a creation story about God creating the universe out of nothing. Answer Key: for Pre-Test: Three Religions 1. JCI 6. CI 1 1. JCI 16. 2.r 7.r 12. C t7. 3.J 8.J 13. JCI 18. 4.C 5. I 9. J,I 10. I 14. 15. I CI C I I 19. JCI 20. JCI 21. JCI 22.I 23.1 24. C 25, C,I 26. T,T 27 . J,I 28. JCI 29. rct 30. JCI Comments: 2. Qur'an, Muslims believe, is God's word revealed. Teachings and sayings of the prophet Muhammad are in the Hadith. Islamic tradition hold there have been 104 revealed texts; the eur,an names four of them: Torah, Psalms, Gospels, Qur'an. 4,5,6,8. Words like "youngest," "oldest,,,,.newest,,,and,,founder,, elicit much discussion. Some will say Jesus did not set out to "found" anything, but rather to ,,reform,, Judaism; some may give credit to "founding" of Christianity to Paul, others may name Peter. Muslims however would not debate the issue of who "founded" Islam. Muhammad was not Islam's founder, but rather only a messenger the last one. The "message" existed long before Muhammad. Therefore the answer to 5 is problematic for Muslims. We don't read about Islam until the seventh century, but Muslims would respond that Islam began with the first revelation (to the prophet Adam). , or even earlier, with God, before the creation of the earth. 9. Some Christians also regard Abraham as the physical father of their people, though perhaps most would consider him the ,,spiritual" father. 12. This is a statement of monotheism. You may know it is also the first part of the Muslim declaration of faith (followed by "and Muhammad is the messenger of God"). See the ."uding about the Arabic word Allah ("God") used by Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews as well as by "o." Muslims around the world who use Arabic for their prayers. 15. Christianity and Islam are universalist faiths and inspire missionary movements. For most of its history, Islam has not had organized missionary movements in the same way Christianity has had. Islam was spread by the personal example of individual Muslims particularly merchants and traders (witness the largest Muslim communities in South East Asia - never part of a Muslim empire). 18. See the notation on ,,pre-Test: Three Holy Books." 23. See the Core Reading for an explanation of the Arabic languages derivitive words how ,,muslim,' is derived from the word "islam." 28. Texts, however are different. In the Qur'anic version, Eve is not created from Adam's rib (she is not a secondary creation), and she is not responsible for the "fall" she does not temptAdam to eat the forbidden fruit. 29. Though Islam has branch "sects" ("schools" is a better term when looking at Islam), all use the same prayers and follow the same five pillars. And Muslims always use the generic term "Muslim" when describing themselves never by the term describing their particular "school."