Download Science Quiz - Light / Living things Light sources • A source of light

Science Quiz - Light / Living things
Light sources
 A source of light makes light (For example, the sun, stars, fires, torches and lamps)
Reflection
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When light hits an object, it is reflected (bounces off).
The moon is not a source of light. It reflects light from the Sun.
How we see things
 Light travels in straight lines.
 When light hits an object, it is reflected (bounces off) and enters our eyes. This is
how we see the object.
Colour
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White light is a really a mixture of colours.
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When white light shines through a piece of clear glass or plastic, called a prism, it
breaks up into separate colours. This is called the colour spectrum (A bubble in the
bath or in the washing up bowl acts like a prism and splits the white light into the
colour spectrum. If you look carefully you will see the spectrum of colours)
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The colours of the spectrum are: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet.
(To help you remember: Richard Of York Gained Battle In Vain)
Light facts
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Light travels very quickly (Rays of sunlight travel through space at almost 300,000
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kilometres every second!)
Opaque objects and materials do not let light to pass through them (e.g. a brick).
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Opaque objects cast dark shadows.
Translucent objects and materials allow some light through (e.g. a frosted
bathroom window). Translucent objects cast shadows which are more feint.
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Transparent objects and materials allow a lot of light through (e.g. a classroom
window). Transparent objects do cast shadows but they are very feint.
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When light passes through a liquid it bends. This is called refraction. (Place a
pencil in a tall glass of water. Look through the glass at the point where the pencil
breaks the water’s surface. Refraction make the pencil appear broken or bent.)
Living things
There are millions of different kinds, or species, of animals. Animals which are related to
each other are grouped, or classified.
Animals can be split into two main groups:
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Vertebrates – These animals have a backbone and a skeleton inside their bodies. For
example: humans, snakes, birds, frogs and fish.
Invertebrates – These animals do not have a backbone or an internal skeleton. They
sometimes have a hard covering or a skeleton on the outside, called an exoskeleton.
Examples of invertebrates include: jellyfish, earthworms, beetles, butterflies and
ants.
Vertebrates can be divided into 5 groups:
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Mammals – these animals have body hair and have young which feed off milk. Mammals
are able to control their own body temperature (this is known as being ‘warm-blooded’).
For example: humans, cats and horses.
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Birds – these animals have feathers and lay eggs. They are also warm-blooded.
Reptiles – these animals have scales and mostly lay eggs. These animals need the sun
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to warm themselves up and shade to cool themselves down (this is known as being ‘coldblooded).
Amphibians – these animals begin their lives in water (the young have gills) but can
leave the water when they mature (the develop lungs). For example: frogs, newts and
toads.
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Fish – these animals have scales and mostly lay eggs. They are cold-blooded.
Invertebrates are also divided into groups. These include:
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Molluscs – these animals have a soft body and often a muscular foot. For example:
slugs, snails and octopus.
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Arthropods – these animals have a segmented body and legs. The Arthropod group is
so large it is divided into smaller groups. These include: arachnids (spiders and
scorpions), crustaceans (lobsters, crabs and woodlice) and insects (dragonflies,
beetles, wasps). Insects are the largest group of arthropods. There are over
800,000 different types of insects.