Download KU1

Standard Grade Physics
1.
2.
Our Sun is a
A planet
B moon
Space Physics
C star
D galaxy
Ink Exercise G1
E meteorite
(KU1)
Figure 1 shows the spectral lines of the radiation from a star. Figure 2 shows the spectral
lines of three elements X, Y and Z.
figure 1
X
Y
figure 2
Z
The elements present in the star are
A
X only
B
Y only
C
X and Y only
D
Y and Z only
E
X, Y and Z.
3.
(PS1)
(a) An astronomer uses an astronomical telescope to view stars.
The diagram below shows the tube of the telescope. The lenses at X and Y have been left
out.
(i)
Copy and complete the diagram by drawing the two lenses in their correct positions
and showing their shape.
Write the name of each of the lenses on the diagram.
(KU3)
(ii)
What is the purpose of :
(A) lens X;
(B) lens Y?
(KU2)
(b) Copy and complete the following passage by choosing entries from the following list.
Saturn
1.2 seconds
the Sun
8 minutes
Alpha Centauri
4.3 years
100 000 years
The nearest star to the Earth is _________. Light takes approximately _________ to travel
from this star to Earth. Light takes about ___________ to reach the Earth from the edge of
our galaxy.
(KU2)
(c)
4.
Telescopes have been designed to detect waves from space. Name a type of wave
other than light which can be detected from space.
(KU1)
Kirsty investigates the properties of light by setting up an experiment as shown below.
(a) What name is given to the effect on the light as it enters the glass?
(b) List the colours green, blue and red in order of wavelength, starting with
the shortest wavelength.
(c) State one colour, listed on the diagram, which has a higher frequency
than blue.
5.
(KU1)
(KU1)
(PS1)
Radio telescopes and optical (refracting) telescopes are used to observe stars.
(a) What type of radiation is detected by an optical telescope?
(PS1)
(b) The waves detected by the radio and optical telescopes have different wavelengths.
How does the speed of the waves detected by the radio telescope compare with the
speed of the waves detected by the optical telescope?
(KU1)
(c) Why is a large curved reflector necessary on a radio telescope which detects
radio waves from a distant star?
6.
The diagram on the
right shows the Sun,
the Earth and Jupiter
(not to scale).
Copy and complete the
diagram to show how
Jupiter can be seen
from the Earth, by
adding rays of light
and the direction the
light travels.
(PS1)
(PS2)
TOTAL 18
Standard Grade Physics
Space Physics
Ink Exercise G2
1. An astronaut wears a backpack during a space walk. The astronaut uses the backpack to control
his position during the walk. The backpack contains a pressurised gas cylinder connected to a
valve. When the valve is opened, gas is released from the cylinder.
astronaut
gas jet
backpack
Copy and complete the passage below by selecting words from the following list.
same
opposite
accelerated decelerated
When the astronaut opens the valve, the cylinder pushes gas backwards. The gas pushes the
cylinder in the ______________ direction. A forward force is exerted on the cylinder. The
cylinder, backpack and astronaut are therefore _____________ forwards.
(PS2)
2. The engines of European Space Agency rocket Arianne produced 8 000 000 000 joules of
energy during the first 5 seconds after take off.
Calculate the average power of the engines during the first 5 seconds after take off. (KU2)
3. In 1996, a spacecraft was launched on a mission to Mars. The spacecraft re-entered the Earth’s
atmosphere when it failed to break out of the Earth’s orbit.
Describe two effects on the spacecraft of the friction forces caused by air resistance
on re-entry.
(PS2)
4. In the passage below, select one word or phrase in each set of brackets to make the statements
correct.
A large stone and a small stone of the same material are kicked horizontally off a cliff at the
same time.
Both stones follow a
{
curved
straight
vertical
}
path.
Ignoring air resistance, the stones have the same
because of the
It is found that
neither
{
force of friction
force of gravity
kick.
{
the large
the small
}
{
acceleration
mass
weight
}
}
stone reaches the ground first.
(KU4)
5.
A spacecraft is sent on an unmanned mission to land on a distant planet.
The spacecraft is powered by rocket engines which can be turned on and off as necessary.
(a) State what happens to the motion of the spacecraft when its engines are turned on.(KU1)
(b) At a point during the mission, where the spacecraft is far away from any planet, its
engines are turned off.
Describe the motion of the spacecraft at this stage in the journey.
Explain your answer
(PS2)
(c) The spacecraft now approaches the planet as shown, with its engines still switched off.
The spacecraft enters the Earth’s atmosphere at point Y.
Copy and complete the diagram above to show the path of the spacecraft as it
travels from X to Y
6.
(PS1)
A space vehicle far out in space, has its rocket engine fired so that it will return to Earth.
The vehicle has a mass of 4 500 kilograms and increases its speed by 12 000 metres per
second when the engine is fired for 240 seconds.
(a) Calculate the average acceleration of the vehicle during the time the engine
operates.
(KU2)
(b) Find the thrust produced by the engine.
(KU2)
TOTAL 18
Standard Grade Physics
1.
Ink Exercise C1
The diagram below shows some of the radiations which make up the electromagnetic
spectrum in order of wavelength. Two radiations Y and Z have not been named.
Gamma
rays
(a) Name :
(i) radiation Y;
2.
Space Physics
X-rays
Y
Visible
light
Infrared
X
Radio &
TV
waves
(ii) radiation Z.
(KU2)
(b) Name a detector for any one of the radiations in the diagram.
You must indicate which radiation you have chosen.
(KU1)
(c) How does the speed of gamma rays compare with the speed of visible light?
(KU1)
(a) The diagram shows a refracting telescope.
(i) The eyepiece lens can be used as a magnifying glass. Copy and complete the diagram
below to show how a magnified image of an object is formed. The points marked F are
one focal length from the centre of the lens.
(KU3)
(ii) How could the design of the telescope be altered to increase the brightness of the
image when viewing a star?
(KU1)
(b) The Hubble telescope was out in orbit around the Earth in 1990.
(i)
The telescope uses a curved mirror to collect light rays from a star as shown below.
Copy and complete the diagram to show what happens to the rays of light after
they reach the mirror.
(PS2)
(ii)
The telescope has detectors for various radiation.
Name a possible detector for ultraviolet radiation.
(iii)
(KU1)
The spectral lines of radiation from a distant star are shown in figure 1.
Figure 2 shows the spectral lines of a number of elements.
Use the spectral lines of the elements in figure 2 to identify which elements
are present in the star.
3.
(PS2)
(a) A meteor is a rock which travels through space.
One particular meteor is travelling through space at a speed of 70 000 m/s.
The mass of the meteor is 2kg. Calculate its kinetic energy.
(KU2)
(b) While the meteor travels through space, it is not normally seen from Earth by the naked
eye. If, by chance, the meteor enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it may be seen as a bright
streak of light in the night sky.
Explain why the meteor appears as a streak of light.
(PS2)
TOTAL 17
Standard Grade Physics
Space Physics
Ink Exercise C2
1. In deep space, a spaceship of mass 16 000 kg is trying to dock with a space station.
The spaceship is stationary.
The spaceship has four small thrusters rockets, P, Q, R and S as shown which are used
when docking. In order to approach the space station, the crew of the spaceship fire two of
the thrusters rockets for 10 seconds and then switch them off. After 10 seconds the speed
of the spaceship is 2 m/s.
(a) Calculate the gain in kinetic energy of the spaceship after the 10 seconds.
(KU2)
(b) Describe and explain the motion of the spaceship after the motors are switched off.
(PS2)
(c) Describe what the crew must do to bring the spaceship back to rest.
(PS2)
2. (a) A space shuttle of mass 2.1 x 106 kg lifts off from Earth. At lift-off, the force on the shuttle
due to air resistance is zero.
(i) Calculate the weight of the shuttle at lift-off.
(ii) Draw a free body diagram to show the forces acting on the
shuttle at lift-off and their direction
(b) A space shuttle is used to launch a satellite.
The period of the satellite’s orbit is 12 hours.
State what would have to happen to the height of the
orbit to make it geostationary.
(KU2)
(PS2)
(KU1)
3. (a) In 1971, a lunar module carrying two astronauts landed on the Moon’s surface. The
gravitational field strength on the Moon is different from that on Earth.
(i)
What is meant by “gravitational field strength”?
(ii)
The gravitational field strength at the surface of the Moon is 1.6 N/kg.
What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Moon? (KU1)
(b)
(KU1)
One of the astronauts played golf on the Moon. The golf ball was struck horizontally
from the edge of a steep crater. It landed 2 seconds later, 25 m away as shown in the
diagram below.
(i)
Calculate the horizontal speed of the ball after being struck.
(KU2)
(ii)
Calculate the vertical speed of the ball on landing.
(KU2)
(iii)
How would the horizontal distance travelled by a ball projected with the same
horizontal speed from the same height on Earth compare with that on the Moon?
Explain your answer.
(PS3)
TOTAL 20