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point of view—a person’s view of someone or something; standpoint bias—a favorable or unfavorable opinion about someone or something that makes it difficult to be open-minded about new information; prejudice What should you do first when reading a map, graph, or chart? Circle the title What should you do first when reading a primary source? Circle the author North (Blue) Union Abraham Lincoln—President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant— Commanding General of the United States South (Gray) Confederacy Jefferson Davis—President of the Confederate States of America U.S. Acquisitions 1) Original 13 States and Territory—Treaty of Paris 1783 2) Louisiana Purchase—Jefferson approved purchase in 1803 3) Florida—acquired by negotiation in 1819 4) Annexation of Texas—U.S. annexed Texas in 1845 5) Oregon Territory—acquired by negotiation with England, 1846 6) Mexican Cession—acquired by conquest at the end of the Mexican War, 1848 7) Gadsden Purchase—purchased from Mexico in 1853 industrialization—using industry (factories and trade) on a large scale urbanization—more people moving to live in the cities so as to work in industry mass production—the production of large quantities of items by machines assembly line—a line of factory workers and equipment along which a product being assembled passes with each person completing just one part of the construction Frederick Douglass—abolitionist and former slave Elizabeth Cady Stanton—worked for women’s rights Harriet Beecher Stowe—wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which increased anti-slavery feelings in the North Robert E. Lee—Commanding General of the Confederate States of America President Jackson’s Cherokee Indian Resettlement—white people in Georgia wanted control over the Cherokees and their lands. Congress passed and Pres. Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which would move all Cherokees from east of the Mississippi to Indian Territory. Trail of Tears—Cherokees were forced to leave their farms and cattle and move to Indian Territory. About 4000 died on the move because of lack of food, freezing weather, and disease. federalism—power is shared between central (federal) government and state governments popular sovereignty—a government in which the people rule limited government—government is limited to the power given it by the Constitution republicanism—people elect representatives to exercise power individual rights—unalienable rights guaranteed to all citizens checks and balances—each branch can check the other two separation of powers—each branch of government as separate powers (legislature makes laws; executive enforces laws; judicial interprets laws) economic—deals with the production, distribution and use of goods and money social—deals with the life, well being, and relations of human beings in a community political—deals with government and governing geographic—the natural features, population, industries and resources of a region steamboat—made it easier and faster to transport goods and people up and down rivers cotton gin—made growing cotton more profitable because it quickly separated cotton fiber from seeds. To increase their own wealth, plantation owners purchased more slaves to grow more cotton. public education—pushed to educate more people abolitionism—the movement to end slavery temperance—campaign to stop the sale and drinking of alcohol women’s rights—working to obtain the right to vote for women (suffrage) primary source—written by an eyewitness, someone who lived at the time interviews speeches letters photographs artifacts secondary source—writes about history but didn’t experience the event himself/herself biography textbook