Download Higher Biology - Unit 1 Cell Biology

S4 Biology - Unit 2 Multicellular organisms
Cells, tissues and organs
Give the meaning of the term specialisation.
Explain what a cell is and give an example of an animal and a plant cell.
Explain what a tissue is and give an example of an animal and a plant tissue.
Explain what an organ is and give an example of an animal and a plant organ.
Give two examples of animal cells and explain how their structure is related to their
function.
Give two examples of plant cells and explain how their structure is related to their
function.
Stem cells and meristems
State that stem cells are found in animals and can become any type of body cell.
State that stem cells are involved in growth and repair.
Give two current uses of stem cells.
Give one potential future use of stem cells.
Give one reason why the use of stem cells is controversial.
Explain what a meristem is and where they can be found.
Name the cellular process which takes place in meristems.
State that meristems allow plants to grow.
Plants
Explain what germination is.
Name the three factor seeds require to germinate.
Name two types of asexual reproduction in plants.
Describe how to take a cutting from a plant.
Describe the role of fertilisers in maintaining plants.
Name a pest and a disease which can affect a plant.
Describe how we can control plant pests and diseases.
Name and describe two types of protected cultivation of plants.
Describe the processes of pricking out, potting on and dead heading.
Name three plants and give a product which is made from each.
Control and communication
Name the structures which make up the central nervous system.
Describe the function of the central nervous system.
Identify the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla regions of the brain and give their
functions.
Give the meaning of the terms stimulus and effector.
Explain what a reflex response is.
Give an example of a reflex response.
Explain the importance of reflex responses.
Describe the flow of information along a reflex arc.
Explain what a synapse is.
Give the meaning of the term homeostasis.
Describe the responses of the body when its temperature increases.
Describe the responses of the body when its temperature decreases.
State that hormones are chemical messengers released from endocrine glands.
State that hormones travel in the bloodstream to target tissues which have receptors
for that specific hormone.
Give an example of a hormone and describe its function.
State that glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen.
Describe the role of the hormone insulin.
Describe the role of the hormone glucagon.
Describe the changes which take place when blood sugar level increases.
Describe the changes which take place when blood sugar level decreases.
Reproduction
Describe the features of asexual reproduction.
Describe the features of sexual reproduction.
Give examples of asexual reproduction in plants.
Name the sex cells and state where they are made in plants.
Describe the structure of a flower and give the function of each part.
Explain what is meant by the term pollination.
Describe the growth of the pollen tube and fertilisation in plants.
Explain what is meant by the term haploid.
Explain what is meant by the term diploid.
Reproduction continued
Name the sex cells and state where they are made in animals.
Explain how sex cells are suited to their function.
State that sex cells are gametes.
Identify the structures of the male reproductive system and give their functions.
Identify the structures of the female reproductive system and give their functions.
Describe the process of fertilisation in land animals.
State where fertilisation takes place in land animals.
Describe the process of fertilisation in aquatic (water) animals.
State where fertilisation takes place in aquatic (water) animals.