Download 315 LECTURE #1

Addiction
Lesson 16
What is a drug addict?
Historically
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weak-willed
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moral degenerate
 Portrayal inaccurate & inappropriate
 heroin use vs. runner’s high ~
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Definitions
Abuse
 Use beyond social norms
 No dependence
 Addiction
 Compulsive self-administration
 Dependence ~
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Drug Addiction
Addiction vs dependence
 Historically required...
 Tolerance & withdrawal
 Opiates & barbiturates
 Cocaine & other stimulants
 no tolerance or withdrawal
 animals self-administer ~
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Common Elements
Excessive use & Duration of use:
 Exceeds acceptable social norms
 Progression: Worsens with time
 Loss of Control:
 Unable to control amount.
 preoccupation with getting/using drug
 Impairment In:
 Social, Economic, legal, or physical
health ~
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A Components Model of Addiction
(Griffiths, 1996)
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Salience
 Preoccupation
Mood Modification
 Why?
Tolerance
 Diminished
response
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Withdrawal
 abstinence 
unpleasant feelings
Conflict
 w/ individuals or
other activities
Relapse
 reversion to
addictive behavior
after abstinence ~
Other Addictions?
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Chocolate?
Caffiene?
Gambling?
Sex?
Overeating?
Shoppng?
Internet?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Excessive?
Mood Modification?
Salience?
Tolerance?
Withdrawal?
Conflict?
Relapse?
Mood modification & motivation?
 Euphoriant
 Self-medication ~
Drug Addiction
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Physiological vs. Psychological?
(morphine)
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(cocaine)
Physiological factors
 Morphine
NT
and receptors
no drug  deficient synaptic activity

Cocaine

DA in nucleus accumbens ~
Drug Addiction
Withdrawal vs. Craving
morphine vs. cocaine
 Psychological factors
 Morphine
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take
more drug to escape withdrawal
negative reinforcement
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Cocaine
take
more drug to experience euphoria
positive reinforcement
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?
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Dependence Liability: Learning
Reinforcement Characteristics
 Positive reinforcers
 Negative reinforcers
 Aversive aftereffects
 Classical & Operant Conditioning
 RFT magnitude
 RFT Delay
 Schedule of RFT ~
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Dependence Liability: Individual
Motivation
 Important but Elusive
 Mood modification
 Personality
 Inconsistent Data
 Genetics
 Clear Contribution
 Susceptibility
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predisposition
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Alcoholism & P3 ~
Dependence Liability: Environmental
Availability
 Ease of Administration
 Cost
 financial
 legal
 physical
 Acceptability
 society, family, peers ~
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All things considered,
which drugs have the highest
dependence liability?
Legal
 Cheap
 Available
 Easy to administer
 Socially acceptable (relatively)
 Advertising
 Classical Conditioning
 Targets youths ~
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