Download Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds
4 Groups
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Main Source creating Energy
Main Function
to
store energy
Ration 1:2:1
1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen
4 major types of Lipids
Monosaccharide
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
mono = one
di = two
Poly = many
Single sugar
molecule
Two sugar
molecules
or
two
monosaccharides
put together
Maltose
Fructose
(fruit)
Lactose
(sugar in milk)
Waxes
are found
in
foods and oils
we eat
are
INSULATORS
and
are
are
INSULATORS
and act as
PROTECTIVE
Waterproof
Coverings
and
LIQUID State
EXAMPLES
Galactose
(sugar in milk)
Phospholipids
SOLID State
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
Glucose
Many long chains of
carbohydrate
molecules linked
together
Triglycerides
Glycogen
Found in
Animal muscle
tissue
Responsible
for the
STRUCTURE
and
FUNCTION
of
cell membranes
Examples:
Waxes found
in Beehives
Waxes found
on the leaves
of plants
Steroids
are
chemical
messengers
Examples:
Cholesterol
and
Hormones
Saturated Lipids = Bad Boys = maximum number of H+ atoms
Cellulose
Plant tissue
Sucrose
(table sugar)
Unsaturated Lipids = contain at least 1 C = C bond
liquid at room temperature
Polyunsaturated = more than 1 double bond
Carbon Compounds
4 Groups
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
are made
of
are made
of
hydrogen + oxygen + nitrogen + carbon + phosphorus
nitrogen + carbon + hydrogen + oxygen
N+C+H+O
H+O+N+C+P
PROTEINS
are
polymers of molecules called AMINO acids
Nucleic Acids
Form
into
Nucleotides
ATP
There are more than
20 different Amino
Acids in nature
Proteins have these FUNCTIONS:
Nucleotides
are
made
of
5 carbon sugars
with a
phosphate
and
nitrogen base.
ATP
is a
Nucleotide
made
of
3 phosphates
that
STORE ENERGY
Nucleotides
are
found
in
DNA and RNA
Proteins control reactions
Proteins REGULATE cell functions
Proteins form bones and muscle
Proteins fight disease
Proteins transport substances
Proteins are joined together by peptide bonds
There are 3 major shapes to a protein
Primary Proteins
are
Long thin lines of
amino acids
Secondary
Proteins
Tertiary
Proteins
are
3D folds
are
“globs”
http://www.contexo.info/DNA_Basics/images/proteinstructuresweb.gif