Download Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
Overview: Photosynthesis (6H2O + 6CO2 ­light­­­­­­ C6H12O6 + 6O2)
This is how autotrophs obtain energy= Producers because they produce their own food from solar energy!
Respiration (C6H12O6 + 6O2 ­­­­­­­­­­6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP)
This is how all organisms utilize the energy of the food they eat!
Opposite of Photosynthesis!!!! Use glucose to produce energy for life functions­ running, jumping, talking , thinking, breathing, maintaining homeostasis!
A. Energy is passed along the Food web through Levels called Trophic transfer Producer­ Makes its own food= autotrophic
Consumers­ Must eat Producers or other consumers
Trophic Transfer Efficiencies
Sun
(10,000J)
Primary Producers (1,000J)
Primary Consumers (100J)
Secondary consumers (10J)
Tertiary consumers (1J)
+
Each level only receives 10% of the energy from the level below it!
Decomposers­ Bacteria and Fungi
Break down and recycle organic material and nutrients
Recycle nutrients and take energy but after this level excess energy is lost forever.
B. Respiration is different from digestion­
Digestion­ Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
Starches, Fats­ simple sugars and glycerides
Proteins into Amino Acids
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9.1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
A. Chemical Energy and Food
1. Energy is found in the form of Calories (Sounds familiar?!) that we obtain from the food we eat
2. calorie (notice it is a lower case c)= the amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water, 1o Celsius
3. Calorie (capital C) is what you read on the nutritional information
1 Calorie= 1 kilocalorie =1,000 calories
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4. Bio­Chemical Pathways
A. When we discuss Respiration we are discussing one half of our Metabolism
Define Metabolism:
Metabolism= Catabolism + Anabolism
Catabolism­ breakdown of high energy food molecules into lower energy products­ Releases energy (Exergonic)
EX­ Respiration
Anabolism­ energy released in catabolism is used to build more complex molecules
EX­ Protein synthesis, cell division, Photosynthesis, Muscle tissue, motion
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Metabolism: Compare and Contrast
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B. Overview of Cellular Respiration
1. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
Interpreting Diagrams:
a. What are the inputs of respiration?
b. What are the outputs of respiration?
c. How does respiration compare to Photosynthesis?
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2. Cellular Respiration is broken into Three Main Stages. A. Glycolysis: "Glucose Splitting"
Always the first stage of Respiration
Purpose: Breakdown Glucose so we can begin to remove its energy
INPUTS­ Glucose
OUTPUTS­ 2 ATP and 2 Pyruvic Acid
NADH (Electron Carrier)
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B. Kreb's Cycle: aka Citric Acid Cycle
Only happens if Oxygen is present!!! Aerobic
Purpose: Breakdown Pyruvic Acid to release energy in the form of electrons
INPUTS: Pyruvic Acid
OUTPUTS: 1. 4ATP and lots of 2. NADH and FADH (Electron carriers like NADPH from Photosynthesis)
3. CO2
C. Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis:
This is where the majority of energy is made.
Purpose: To convert energy in electrons (NADH and FADH) into ATP that we can use to maintain homeostasis
INPUTS: 1. NADH and FADH
2. O2
OUTPUTS: 1. 32 ATP
2. 6H20
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3. Oxygen and Energy:
A. Aerobic v Anaerobic Respiration
These processes either require Oxygen or they do not
1. Anaerobic­ A Biochemical Pathway/Process that can happen in the absence of O2
Glycolysis is anaerobic­ Does not need O2
Only some bacteria and yeast can survive and ANOXIC environment
HOW YOGURT and ALCOHOL are PRODUCED
Humans experience this when they have cramps and soreness after exercise
2. Aerobic­ A Process that requires Oxygen
Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Require O2
Hopefully­ this is what you are doing right now!!!!
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4. Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration!
Interpreting Diagrams:
a. What are the outputs of photosynthesis?
b. What are the inputs of respiration?
c. How does respiration compare to Photosynthesis?
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