Download East and Southeast Asia

East and Southeast Asia
Chp. 27, 28, 29, 30
China
• China is the most populous country in the world.
• 40% of China is covered with mountain ranges.
• The Plateau of Tibet lies between the Himalayas and
the Kunlun Shan.
• The plains and river valleys are the most populous
areas of the country.
• The Gobi desert extends from north central China into
Mongolia. (Gobi means “waterless place”
• The Asian monsoon season influences climate in the
area.
• China has diverse animal life (wild horses, bears,
camels, wolves, pandas, antelope, and the Chinese
alligator.
• China has huge amounts of energy and mineral
resources.
Chinese Alligator and Panda
Gobi Desert
Tibet
China
• The Chinese have the longest known continual
history of any culture (6000B.C.)
• The Qin (Ch’in) were the 1st imperial dynasty
(this is where China gets its name)
• During the Han dynasty art, military strength
and culture grew like never before.
• After the Han dynasty several warlords split the
country.
• Unity was restored under the Sung and T’ang
dynasties
• but was destroyed again when Genghis Khan
and the Mongols invaded and controlled the
area until 1279.
Genghis Khan
China
• For centuries the main contact China had with the
outside world was the Silk Road.
• Rebels overthrew the last Chinese dynasty in 1912 and
formed the Republic of China.
• After World War II the Nationalist (socialist) and the
Communist fought for control of China.
• The Communist won under the leadership of Mao
Zedong (Tse-Tung) and the People’s Republic of
China was set up.
• The Nationalist retreated to the island of Taiwan and
set up the Republic of China there.
• To this day China does not recognize Taiwan
independence.
Communist China
• Under Mao Zedong all private land was seized
and farmers were organized into collectives.
• During the Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
Mao’s followers tried to rid China of people
they considered enemies or critics.
– 100 Day Flower Campaign
• Mao’s programs were a disaster because of
poor planning and other problems.
Mao Zedong
(Tse-Tung)
Mao and his “red guards”
Chinese Culture
• There are many Chinese dialects
spoken.
• Chinese writing consist of pictograms.
• Buddhism and Taoism are the main
religions.
• Confucianism is based on the teaching of
Confucius a Chinese philosopher.
• It centers around family ,loyalty ,duty,
and education.
China Today
• China has 1.3 billion people living there. (one
and five people on Earth live in China)
• Due to the huge population the government
enforces one-child family policy.
• Southern China is the most productive
economically.
• Large population of China lives in the South.
• North Eastern China includes the three
provinces that used to be known as Manchuria.
(oil and mineral resources are plentiful here)
China Today
• Northern China is where the Chinese culture
first developed.
• Beijing, China’s capital, is located in Northern
China.
* Hong Kong is a major seaport and international
trading center.
• Western China is made up of mostly irrigation
farmers and herders.
• Xizang is the official Chinese name for the
region of Tibet
China Population
Density Map
Tiananmen Square
Beijing, China
Shanghai, China
China
• China has occupied Tibet for many
years.
• The citizens of Tibet, mostly Buddhist
monks under the leadership of the Dalai
Lama, worry that China will influence
their nation away from its traditions.
• China has oppressed the citizens their in
an attempt to acclimate them into
communism.
Tibetan Monastery
Mongolia
• Mongolia is the least densely populated
country in the world.
• Mongolia has natural resources in coal, copper
and iron but water is short supply.
• Before 1990 Mongolia was under the influence
of the Soviet Union.
• Its landlocked nation limits its opportunity.
• The Great Wall of China is along the southern
edge of Mongolia (protected China from
Mongols)
Great Wall of China
Taiwan
• Taiwan is one of Asia’s richest and most industrialized
countries. (export computers and scientific
instrumentation)
• Their per capita GDP is five times that of China.
• 2 million Chinese Nationalist, who escaped mainland
China after the Communist took over, settled in Taiwan
in 1949.
• The Chinese National controlled Taiwan under martial
law for 38 years.
• China claims Taiwan is still a province China.
• Taiwan claims to be the true government of China.
• This creates tensions in the area, but the two countries
do have economic links.
Downtown Taipei, Taiwan
Japan and the Koreas
• Four main islands and thousands of smaller ones
make up Japan.
• Four main Japanese Islands:
– Hokkaido
– Honshu
•
•
•
•
- Shikoku
- Kyushu
70% of Japan is made up of mountains and volcanoes.
This area is a hotbed of tectonic and volcanic activity
Japan has nearly 200 volcanoes (Ring of Fire).
Earthquakes also create tsunamis (waves that travel
100s of miles an hour)
• Korea lies on a 600 mile long peninsula west of Japan.
• North Korea and South Korea occupy the peninsula.
• The monsoon season greatly influences all three
countries climates.
Japan
and
The
Koreas
Mount. Fuji
Japan
• Japan’s early inhabitants were the Ainu (I-NOO)
• Korea’s early people came from northern lands central
Asia.
• In 108 BC China invaded Korea and this created a
strong Chinese influence on their culture.
• Both China and Korea have greatly influenced Japan’s
culture.
• In the late 1100’s AD shoguns became the dominant
powers in Japan.
• They ruled over wealthy landowners called daimyo,
who were protected by private warriors known as
samurai.
• The political system was similar to European feudalism
Japanese
daimyo (Oda
Nobunaga )
Japanese Samurai
Samurai armor
Traditional Chinese arranged marriage
Japan
• In 1868, a group of samurai demanded reforms and
overthrew the last shogun.
• The restored an emperor to power and this became known
as the Meji (enlightened rule) Restoration
• By 1890 Japan had a constitution and parliament due to the
emperor’s reforms.
• In 1910 Japan annexed Korea.
• By 1940 Japan had invaded China and signed an alliance
with Nazi Germany.
• They fought for the Axis powers in WWII.
• After WWII Japan set up a democratic government with a
lawmaking body called a Diet.
• Japan began to rebuild with large amounts of aid from the
US
The
dropping
of the
atomic
bomb on
Nagasaki
The Koreas
• Japan lost control of Korea at the end of WWII.
• The US and the USSR divided up Korea along
the 38th parallel.
– North Korea became communist
– South Korea became the Republic of Korea.
• In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea,
sparking the Korean war.
• The UN sent in troops (most from the US) to
drive the North Koreans back.
• China sent in troops to help North Korea.
• Eventually the US drives the North Koreans
back and a truce is signed in 1953.
• Today a strip of land called a demilitarized zone
separates the two countries.
Japan and the Koreas
• A combination of Buddhism and
Shintoism dominates Japan today.
• Shinto centers around kami (sprits of
natural places, sacred animals and
ancestors)
• Christianity is the major religion of South
Korea.
• Communist North Korea forbids religious
worship
Korean Court Dancers
Japan and the Koreas Culture
• Japan has 127 million people and is about the
size of California (869 people per square mile)
• Honshu is the largest and most densely
populated island.
• The Koreas are also densely populated.
– 81% of South Koreans live in the city
– 60% of North Koreans live in the city
Korea and Japan’s main food is rice.
Japan and South Korea have highly developed
education systems.
Family is of central importance the Koreas.
Japan and the Koreas today
• Despite modern influences traditional culture is
important to these regions.
• Japan began a rapid economic growth after
1950 and continues to be successful.
• Japan had an export economy (goods are
made mainly for export.)
– Tokyo is the capital of Japan
– Seoul is the capital of South Korea
– Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea
• Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the
world and life expectancy is high.
A tea ceremony (chanoyu).
Japan’s Monorail
Kyoto, Japan
Osaka, Japan
The two Koreas
• Though the two Koreas share a common culture
their political and economic development is quite
different.
• South Korea has 16 times the GDP of North Korea.
• North Korea is isolated under strict communist
dictatorship (Kim Jung II is president of North
Korea.)
• Outside of the capital of North Korea most its
citizens live in poverty.
• South Korea is a democratic country with most of
citizens in the middle class.
• South Korea is one of the “Asian Tigers” (a term
used to describe Asian countries that have
experienced rapid economic growth.)
• South Korea is the world’s leading shipbuilder.
An infiltration tunnel from
North Korea going to South
Gate to Seoul, Korea
Tokyo’s thermonuclear power plant.
Seoul, Korea
The Lotus Pool Pavilion (Hyangwonjong) in Seoul
Hyundai Shipyard
in Korea
Southeast Asia
• Southeast Asia has 3 main landform regions
– Mountain Ranges (Himalayas)
– Plains and low plateaus (Thailand and Cambodia)
– River Valleys and deltas
• Four major rivers flow southward from Asia’s
mountainous interior.
–
–
–
–
Irrawaddy (empties into the Bay of Bengal)
The Choa Phraya (flows into Gulf of Thailand)
The Mekong (Longest River, flows into South China Sea,)
The Hong (known as Red River flows into Gulf of Tonkin)
• The valleys of these rivers have fertile alluvial soils,
which support dense populations of farmlands.
• All of mainland Southeast Asia has a tropical or subtropical climate.
Southeast Asia
• This area receives most of its rainfall
during the monsoon season.
• Many floods occur during this time.
• There is a wide variety of wildlife in this
region; new species are still being
discovered.
• There are many arboreal, or tree dwelling
animals, such as monkeys in this area.
Thailand - Crocodile
Southeast Asia History
• People from southern china began to migrate
to Southeast Asia at least 2,500 years ago.
• Southeast Asia was an important center for
plant domestication (rice, citrus fruits, and
bananas)
• The largest highly developed culture group of
the area was the Khmer (kuh-MER).
• They dominated what is now Cambodia around
800AD.
• Hinduism, introduced from India, was the main
religion in the area until the 1200’s when
Buddhism replaced it.
Southeast Asia History
• The Portuguese came to the area in the early
1500’s.
• Eventually most of the area was colonized.
– Burma (now Myanmar) became a British colony.
– The French controlled Indochine, or French
Indochina. (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.)
• The Japanese invaded the area during WWII,
only parts of Burma were free of their control.
• Eventually the region will gain independence,
however the switch was not easy.
The British
taking Burma
French Indochina 1883
Southeast Asia History
• Vietnam gains independence from France in
1954 after years of fighting.
• A peace settlement divided Vietnam into two
parts.
– >North Vietnam had a communist government,
with its capital in Hanoi.
– >South Vietnam had a pro western government
with its capital in Saigon.
• Communist groups in North Vietnam attacked
South Vietnam in an attempt to control it.
• The United States joined South Vietnam in
trying to defend its country in 1964.
Southeast Asia History
• In 1975 the US completely withdrew and the
North Vietnamese took Saigon.
• More than 1 million South Vietnamese tried to
escape the Communist take over.
• Many eventually settled in the countries of the
United States, Australia and France.
• What followed was a long bloody war with
58,000 American lives lost and 2 million
Vietnamese lives lost.
• Today the only two communist countries in
South East Asia are Vietnam and Laos.
Vietnamese refuges detained in Cambodia
1970’s
Vietnam War Memorial in Washington DC
Southeast Asian Culture
• Mainland Southeast China has three main language
groups.
– Sino-Tibetan (Myanmar)
– Thai family (Thailand and Laos)
– Austro-Asiatic (Vietnamese and Khmer)
• Christianity and Islam are present in the region but
most people practice Buddhism.
• Most Vietnamese practice a mix of Confucianism.
• Rice is the most important food through out the area,
however American fast food can be found in major
cities
• Buddhism plays a large role in everyday life.
>Men often spend time working in monasteries.
>Many holidays and festivals originate from the
religion.
Confucius
Southeast Asia Today
• The countries of Southeast Asia have different
levels of development:
• Laos and Cambodia are very poor and
underdeveloped
• Myanmar is rich in resources but its militaristic
government has kept the countries people and
economy isolated.
• Both Laos and Vietnam have communist
governments and have been trying to integrate
capitalist features.
• Thailand is the area’s leading economic power.
• Thailand has a constitutional monarchy
Home in Thailand
Southeast Asia Today
• All of these countries are members of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
• Its purpose is to promote economic development
and cooperation between the Southeast Asian
countries.
• Most of the people in this region live in rural areas.
• With more than 7 million people Bangkok
(Thailand’s capital) is the largest city in mainland
Southeast Asia.
• Bangkok has more than 400 wats (or Buddhist
temples)
Bangkok
Thailand
Southeast Asia Today
• Ho Chi Minh City (formally Saigon) is Vietnam’s
biggest city.
• Myanmar’s largest city is its capital Yangon (also called
Rangoon).
• Agriculture plays a central role in the economy of all
the countries.
• Paddy farming (flooded fields) is particularly successful
in areas with good water resources.
• Thailand and Vietnam are the world’s two leading
exporters of rice.
• In Myanmar, Laos and Thailand some people grow
opium in the rugged mountains.
• This illegal crop is used to make heroin and exported
to various developed countries.
Rice plantation in Thailand
Rice paddy in Laos
Paddy Plowing
Thailand Opium Field
Southeast Asia issues
• Corruption and dictatorial governments have
caused serious problems for most of the
region.
– From 1975 to 1979 the communist government
(Khmer Rouge) in Cambodia tries to make a
peasant society by wiping out intellectuals and
skilled workers. 1 million Cambodians were killed.
– Since 1962 Myanmar has been under a military
government that tolerates no diversity from their
own view.
– The communist governments of Vietnam and Laos
have been slow to move in market economies.
– Thailand, though prosperous, has had a large
problem with an illegal slave trade.
– Drug traffic is an unresolved issue.
Khmer Rouge
Refugees
Islands of South East Asia
• Islands of South East Asia are:
– Malaysia (Singapore)
– Philippines (Manila)
– Indonesia (Jakarta)
• Mostly a humid sub-tropical area
• There are over 20,000 islands in South
East Asia.
• The largest island of Southeast Asia is
New Guinea.
Petronas Twin
Towers
Malaysia
Philippines