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Objectives
On completion of this quantum you will be able to identify what
socialisation means and understand the difference between
primary and secondary education socialisation.
PRE-REQUISITES
The relevant part of the textbook HARALAMBOS, M. (Ed)
(1996) Sociology: A New Approach 3rd edition – can be used.
WELCOME
In this quantum you will look at how families affect what we are
– how the family influences an individual's life and what this
means within society. This is the process known as
socialisation.
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Socialisation by the family is known as Primary Socialisation.
Socialisation by other groups is known as Secondary Socialisation.
PRIMARY SOCIALISATION
In all known societies, the human child needs to be cared for in
infancy. This requires parenting. Usually parenting is done by the
natural mother and father, but as there are many varieties of family
structure, other agencies sometimes rear children.
Most parents rear their offspring, teaching them a great many norms
and values without awareness. Certain habits and behaviours of
everyday living are performed naturally and automatically. Most
children rapidly learn the behaviour patterns and these in turn form
the basis of the new child's world.
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CLASS
Lesson one tends to begin with the class a child enters. The
social class of a family tends to indicate the economic status
of that family.
In other words a child born into a poor family will not be
reared in the same way as a child from a rich family.
The important values in a poor family are likely to be the
acquisition of income. It then follows that an important factor
in the household, will be geared towards getting and keeping
a job. Usually instant gratification is a value.
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Activity 1
Make a list of all the essential values a child will learn in a household
geared towards hard work and the removal of poverty.
Click here to check your list
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Now repeat the exercise for a family who have a good
standard of living.
The important values in this household are likely to be the
acquisition of a better education or occupation and a
maintenance of certain standards. Usually deferred
gratification is a value.
Activity 2
On the following screen make a list of all the essential values
a child will learn in a household geared towards better/higher
education and good behaviour.
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Click here to check your answers
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You will probably have lots more on your list, but how many values do
you have that fit into both families?
In other words, there are certain values that belong to the whole of
society and so they are common in every household.
xý
Obeying the Law
xý
Dressing in an acceptable manner
xý
Learning to cross the road
xý
Learning non-violence (or acceptable limits)
xý
Avoidance of anti-social habits (especially in public)
i.e. urinating/nose picking etc
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Can you think of other norms and values that are accepted as normal
behaviour in society? How many did you learn at home?
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Self Assessment
1ý
Where does a child learn its first values?
2ý
What is this process known as?
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3ý
What are the important values of a working class home?
4ý
What are the important values in a middle class home?
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5ý
Which is the most important social value in modern society today?
It can be seen that from an early stage in life, a child soon learns the
socially acceptable or unacceptable behaviour in its world.
From these early stages the social graces and the basic rules and
regulations of the society we live in are learned. In other words how the
world works for you. This gives the formula for an ordered society into
which each person fits.
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This diagram indicates the separate areas of the socialisation process.
Together they build a picture of what primary socialisation means.
Expectations
Attitude
Loyalty
Prejudice
Religion
Role
Morality
Status
Behaviour
Culture
Self
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Norms and values taught and learned in the early years of life,
make up what will become the person. It is an ongoing, ever
changing process of life.
Sociologists place a great deal of emphasis on primary
socialisation.
This is because norms and values of society are acquired after
birth and as a result of the environment surrounding each child. It
is therefore known as a social construct. This means that it is
created and performed by people and is not natural, instinctive
behaviour.
Many people's lives are greatly affected by the socialisation
process, much of which comes from those early, formative years.
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Activity 3
Here are a few character types. Try to assess some of the values the
person's family might have.
Type 1
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Type 2
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Type 3
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Type 4
Click here to check your answers
Click the Home Button to move on
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ACTIVITY 1 – ANSWERS
Your list should include some of the following.
xý
No wasting of food
xý
Learn cheaper ways of living
xý
Economic budgeting – careful handling of money
xý
Learn to do without
xý
Place high value on gifts
xý
Make own garments/toys
xý
Learn to share toys/treats
xý
Parents don't have much time to spend with children
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ACTIVITY 2 – ANSWERS
Your list should include some of the following.
xý
Good moral standards (behaviour)
xý
Proper punctuation (language)
xý
Do not swear
xý
Talk with parents frequently
xý
Ask questions
xý
Good table manners
xý
Reading books is important
xý
Competition is healthy
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ACTIVITY 3 – ANSWERS
Type 1
Type 3
Spotless in appearance, stickler
for rules, obeys orders,
punctual, well read, intelligent,
loves children.
Very busy person, likes a clean
home, watches lots of TV.
Strong opinions on discipline for
children.
Type 2
Type 4
Comfortable, casual
appearance, intellectual, book
worm, dislikes children, dislikes
sport, loves music.
Bored, frustrated with lack of
employment opportunities.
Constantly playing records.
Smokes cigarettes. Likes dogs
more than children.
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